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William Shakespeare

The Globe Theatre: Shakespeare Lost & Found

… last history play Henry VIII: Or, All is True. A volatile combination of a cheap roof and pyrotechnic effects could have doomed the Globe forever. Thanks to the literary immortality … (pictured below) located only 750 feet from the original site. Shakespeare’s Globe opened (or reopened, or even …
President Theodore Roosevelt helped solidify conservation as a national agenda item along with preservationist John Muir.

Executive Conservation

Review of Presidents and the American Environment, by Otis L. Graham, Jr. (Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press, 2015)
… Clinton are thrown together in a somewhat bewilderingly-themed chapter subtitled “Presidents Brown and Green.” … be disappointed, or at the least, find them hard to spot. Most readers, nonetheless, like this one, will enjoy the … onto both parties’ national agendas for decades to come and FDR splicing “conservation into the Democratic …
Young Child dressed in a Uncle Sam costume

Coming to America to Contribute

Review of Ellis Island Nation: Immigration Policy and American Identity in the Twentieth Century, by Robert L. Fleegler Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013
… United States is characterized by three great waves of newcomers. The first wave came primarily from Ireland, Germany, … engendered a variety of responses. Some Americans have welcomed immigrants, but others have objected that newcomers … was treated decently. But, opinion polling revealed that most soldiers continued to harbor prejudice towards ethnic …
Cover of Patrick Henry: First Among Patriots by Thomas S. Kidd

Patriot or Pragmatist?

Review of Patrick Henry: First Among Patriots, by Thomas S. Kidd (New York: Basic Books, 2011)
… interest. How are Americans to remember this Founder who seemed willing to give his life for revolution but also fought … was a motive in his pursuit of liberty; indebtedness was common among Virginia planters, who traded in a global … to an idea of local government. The political unit he trusted was the state. As a governor, he did not hesitate to …
Black Friday shoppers in the morning at Walmart store in Durham, North Carolina.

Is Retailing’s Death Star Vulnerable After All?

… to Christmas, head over to the local Wal-Mart. The company’s promise of “everyday low prices” is music to the … and offering a broad selection of goods, his stores transformed simple marketplaces into edens where shoppers fulfilled … their dreams. Woolworth’s five-cent promise gave almost everyone buying power. By 1918, a billion people …
The Statue of Liberty in New York City.

Where Will “Liberation” Lead?

… a tradition of self-reliance.” The United States, he proclaimed, would now spread those shining ideals throughout the … of Guatemala’s Jacobo Arbenz dared to undertake a comprehensive land reform campaign, nationalize corporate … a critical eye. A truly democratic Iraqi electorate will most likely seek its own way in the world, find its own …
President JFK giving an address on civil rights in June, 1963.

A President Who Was Still Growing

… day in Dallas in 1963. In an inaugural address that has become a poignant reminder of the idealism of the 1960s, JFK … in a refreshing spirit of voluntarism by urging citizens to commit themselves to solving the problems of poverty and … C. Kashatus's is a writer for the History News Service. His most recent book is "Money Pitcher: The Tragedy of Indian …
Portrait of Thomas Paine from 1793.

Common Sense: Salute Paine, Not Jefferson, on the Fourth

… Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence will, once again, command center stage. It will be quoted and read in its … Declaration itself. Paine, the 39-year-old author of “Common Sense” — the 47-page pamphlet that served as a … C. Kashatus's is a writer for the History News Service. His most recent book is "Money Pitcher: The Tragedy of Indian …
The FBI’s finely tuned image as a scientific, fact-driven investigative force, cultivated in images like this, often overshadowed how the Bureau’s priorities on issues such as homosexuality were shaped by popular fears rooted in homophobia.

G-Men, Gays, and Government

Review of Hoover’s War on Gays: Exposing the FBI’s “Sex Deviates” Program, by Douglas M. Charles Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press, 2015.
… licenses to gay couples represents an example of the often complex relationship between government officials and … and communists “kept their true identities hidden, both seemed to move around in a secretive underworld, both had a … century in response to widespread homophobia highlights the most problematic aspect of that responsiveness. The …
Pamphlet of "Virginia Women Opposed to Suffrage"

Equal Suffrage Awaits Trial (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 3)

… passed their own suffrage amendments and World War I loomed. However, not all women were supportive of the pending … came from both a wealthy and well-connected family like most leaders of both the suffrage and anti-suffrage … Oranjudio. Song and band information can be found on our website, and we encourage our listeners to visit episode …
Meiji Constitution promulgation by Toyohara Chikanobu, 1889.

Japan’s Meiji Restoration

… elections, seated a national parliament, and transformed Japanese social and sumptuary customs in the name of … Assistance.  “As the first non-Western nation to become a developed country, Japan built itself into a country … industrialization and recently recognized by UNESCO as sites of World Heritage.  This is not to say that history …
portion of a movie poster for the movie Mary Queen of Scots, directed by Josie Rourke

At the Movies: Mary Queen of Scots

… to which men will go to take it away from them, and to the complicated politics of one’s immortal soul. Director Josie … of Mary. Elizabeth seems obsessed with her own vanity as compared to Mary but comes to learn that beauty does not … being the woman in a room full of men are some of the most powerful in the movie. Five hundred years later,  women …
Count Gaston aboard his Jeantaud electric, 1899.

The Jeantaud Electric Car Land Speed Record

… single kilometer. Although the only electric vehicle at the competition, the Jeantaud handily beat its gasoline-powered competition at the Parc Agricole d’Achères outside Paris.  … produce uni-directional currents in 1867. He opened his own company in 1870 and first introduced the efficient direct …
Book cover of To Break Russia's Chains by Vladimir Alexandrov

Terrorism as the Path to a Better Russia

Review of To Break Russia’s Chains: Boris Savinkov and His Wars Against the Tsar and the Bolsheviks by Vladimir Alexandrov (New York: Pegasus Books, 2021)
… and sent to Vologda. It was there he decided to become a writer, sending his first short story to Maxim Gorky. … that his determined pursuit of a goal resulted in the opposite of what he wanted.” (The first came with Savinkov’s … he could lead change. Somerset Maugham called him the most extraordinary man he had ever met. Churchill—who had …
The Slave Trade by Auguste Francois Biard (1833).

When Free Trade Meant Something Else

Review of Not Made by Slaves: Ethical Capitalism in the Age of Abolition, by Bronwen Everill (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2020)
… the global economy. This conversation has raised uncomfortable questions about contemporary businesses and … “mitigate externalities” and “generate moral outcomes,” framed the principles of ethical capitalism that have persisted … created a new dichotomy of winners and losers, in which most Americans expected the white yeoman farmer to come out …
Refugees crowded emergency trains leaving to India or Pakistan c. 1947-1953

India-Pakistan Partition

… into two separate, independent states. The violence that accompanied partition, which led to the death of up to a … rule, when the exigencies of the Second World War transformed the national political landscape, re-shaped the … powers remains contested in Kashmir, now one of the most militarized regions of the world, where civilians are …
Clarence Thomas

Top Ten Origins: Controversial SCOTUS Nominees

… by a Whig-controlled Senate before finally being confirmed upon his third nomination. Roger B. Taney’s confirmation … John Marshall’s seat, he was able at long last to overcome the strong objection of the Whigs during his third, and … opinions. The failed nomination of Robert Bork may be the most well-known on this list. Bork—who was made famous by …
"The National Game. Three Outs and One Run." Drawing depicting the four candidates of the 1860 United States presidential election (L to R): John Bell, Stephen Douglas, John C. Breckinridge, and Abraham Lincoln. The artist is comparing the election to a baseball game.

The Election of 1860 and Secession — to Preserve Slavery

… initiated." That evening, in a foreshadowing of events to come, fireworks lit the sky above Fort Sumter. Who could … Democratic candidate Stephen Douglas labored to craft a compromise to bring the seceding states back into the union. … of Reconstruction: The Brief, Violent History of America's Most Progressive Era". New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2014, "A …
Celebrations for Jamaican Independence, 2012.

Jamaican Independence

… Treaty of Madrid.  Jamaica remained a British colony for almost three hundred years through the Maroon Wars … Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) and African Communities League in Kingston in 1914. Though Garvey was … nought.”  Jamaica’s decision to leave the union and immediately seek independence demonstrates its influence on …
George W. Bush and Al Gore

Bush v. Gore Twenty-Five Years Later

… preserved George W. Bush’s tiny lead of 537 votes out of almost six million cast, thereby giving him Florida’s 25 … had been defeated. In a way, the entire controversy stemmed from what sociologist Robert Merton liked to call “the law of unintended consequences.” That phrase has come to be understood as a warning that intervention in a …
A scene from the 1956 Hungarian Revolution

Remembering '56: The Hungarian Revolution

… ill-fated revolution that ended with the re-imposition of Communist rule and the flight of some 200,000 Hungarians to … on October 23, 1956 quickly escalated into an armed insurrection in Budapest and across Hungary. Emboldened … (Source: Embassy of Hungary in the Netherlands) Numerous sites of memory—including a 1956 monument where Stalin’s …
Cover of All the Missing Souls: A Personal History of the War Crimes Tribunals by David SchefferDavid S

Bringing Evil to Justice

Review of All the Missing Souls: A Personal History of the War Crimes Tribunals, by David Scheffer (NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012)
… of civil liberties, the arms race treadmill, could, it seemed, be safely put to rest at long last. The euphoria of … a test of how well the United States, and the international community could create institutions of governance after the … in our everyday lives can be applied, not only to the most heinous of crimes, but to the world beyond the borders …
Cover of A Swindler's Progress: Nobles and Convicts in the Age of Liberty by Kirsten McKenzie.

What's in a Name?

Review of A Swindler's Progress: Nobles and Convicts in the Age of Liberty , by Kirsten McKenzie (Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press, 2010)
… suffering a "bad case of footnote paranoia" (291).  While completing a last minute source review before sending her … after his 1832 release, moved to New South Wales and resumed his swindling.  In addition to assuming the more … brimming with fascinating detail and wit.  What is perhaps most impressive is that, in telling the story of the true …