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Photo of a healthcare worker holding an elderly person's hand.

Ducking Out on Retiree Benefits

… on a mix of public and private pensions. Like it or not, company pensions are part of public policy. This struggle … to offer pensions, 84 percent did not actually set money aside to fund these obligations. They also attached … government’s Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation, pensioners stand to lose 20 to 50 percent of the value of their …
General George S. Patton waving to crowds in Los Angeles, California in 1945.

Pragmatic de-Baathification is Key to Rebuilding Iraq

… this policy on grounds of administrative convenience or expediency.” (This situation replicated itself in the communist states of eastern Europe; Vaclav Klaus, the first … could not be completely disarmed and weakened (as envisioned in presidential directive 1067) as long as there was a …
An image of the castle in the Wizarding World of Harry Potter at Universal Orlando.

Banning Harry Potter

… too crude for refined readers. Twenty years later, critics complained that the characters were poor role models. By the … the Harry Potter books as potentially threatening. Opponents argue that censorship is detrimental to students’ … Potter may rival Huck Finn and Holden Caulfield to become one of America’s most banned boys. Elizabeth D. Schafer is …
President Clinton and Vice President Gore sitting in the Oval Office in 1996.

An October Surprise Again?

… vice president, and Richard Nixon, his Republican opponent. This prospect was labeled the October Surprise. The … public diplomacy might lessen the value of such an accomplishment as a true surprise. A revived round of … with a belligerent Iraq would be risky. American soldiers might be killed, and Bush and Cheney could say that …
The headquarters of the National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage in 1911.

The Nineteenth Amendment

… it did not extend suffrage to women. Months later, Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell formed a rival group, the American … however, white women had greater access to the ballot box compared to women of color. The continued disenfranchisement … of 1920, thirty-five states had ratified the amendment, one short of the thirty-six necessary to amend the …
Refugees crowded emergency trains leaving to India or Pakistan c. 1947-1953

India-Pakistan Partition

… Yet alongside the victories of independence came the tragedies of partition, whereby British-ruled India was divided … into two separate, independent states. The violence that accompanied partition, which led to the death of up to a … advanced the date of independence to August 1947, a year sooner than Prime Minister Clement Attlee had first promised. …
An orientalist nineteenth century Russian view of Samarkand in the time of Timur.

A Castilian in Samarkand, 1404

… treaty with the world-conqueror, whose sack of Baghdad alone caused the deaths of hundreds of thousands. Clavijo … noted that work on the largest mosque in the city had been completed just before his arrival, but Timur ordered its … on account of their strange clothes and quaint customs. Medieval Castilians, it seems, were regarded as rather …
In order, India’s Indira Gandhi, Pakistan’s Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, and Bangladesh’s Mujibur Rahman

After Midnight

Review of Midnight’s Descendants: A History of South Asia Since Partition, by John Keay (New York: Basic Books, 2014)
A photograph of Viola Desmond

Remembering Viola Desmond

… that day, Desmond became the target of a racist incident, a common event for Blacks in Canada. Her decision to challenge … of sepia face powder sold by Viola Desmond (right). Saving money from her teacher’s salary, she opened her own salon. … and a public opinion survey on the Bank of Canada website is indicative of a willingness to acknowledge a …
Vaccination team member giving a cholera vaccine in Cerca Carvajal, 2013.

Cholera and the Roots of Public Health

… infection, caused by Vibrio cholerae, caused patients’ bodies to waste away in a matter of hours due to sudden … the poor’s living conditions. In Great Britain, Poor Law Commissioner Edwin Chadwick, from the miasma school, began to preach …
Cover of Science under Fire Challenges to Scientific Authority in Modern America by Andrew Jewett.

Science Beseiged

Review of Science Under Fire: Challenges to Scientific Authority in Modern America, by Andrew Jewett (Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press, 2020)
… or environmental poisoning, for instance—COVID-19 was compelling “people everywhere . . . to put their immediate … to create a moral framework that “represented a reasoned deference to the sifted wisdom of the ages, not a … command of culture and state. “There was something for everyone to fear in postwar American science,” Jewett writes, …
Woodcut print depicting the Second Defenestration of Prague in 1618

Out the Window: Religion, Politics, and a Defenestration in Prague

… spirit and with a large gesture invite an enemy to become an angel without further preparation or a flying … waters with the concomitant excitement of thrusting an opponent through the window or up the smokehole have made the … in fact, designed to settle an argument by tossing an opponent out a window and the New York Times author might be …
An abandoned building in Chernobyl

A Postcard from Chernobyl

… cloud was detected over Sweden did the full extent become known to the authorities in the Soviet Union’s capital … was evacuated two days after the explosion. The abandoned town lies deserted, looted of anything of value (in … for “nature”: humans or radioactivity? Some scientific studies indicate an abundance of wild life, especially large …
The Sofia Monument to the Soviet Army painted in the colors of the Ukrainian flag din support of the 2014 Ukrainian Revolution.

World War II in Eastern Europe: Many Lands, Many Memories

… the countries formerly designated as the “ East European communist bloc ” displayed a remarkable solidarity in … lost territories and population, rendering them proponents of revisiting the postwar treaties. There was little … defending their country, even when that meant killing soldiers and civilians beyond the boundaries of one’s own …
book cover - Helmut Walser Smith, The Butcher’s Tale: Murder and Anti-Semitism in a German Town

Top Ten Origins: Summer 2019 Must Reads

… The perfect companion to nearly any summer activity is a good book. And, … present. 3. David Olusoga, The World’s War: Forgotten Soldiers of Empire , Head of Zeus, 2014.  Reminding us that the … acknowledged (and not limited to the Chernobyl “exclusion zone”), she also charges that the damage of low-dose exposure …