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… had succeeded in overrunning much of Central and Western Europe, most shockingly its rapid victory over France. The … and the simultaneous purges, officers were rushed into commission; in 1941, only half had completed any formal … the annihilation of hundreds of thousands of Soviet soldiers. The Soviet Union suffered an average of 46,000 …

… ties were also immensely important, for one often needed community support at the assembly to win a legal case. Thus, … and sagas soon became of major interest to the rest of Europe and beyond. In England and what would later become … was not the first one to do so, his work found a captive audience: the Victorians loved Vikings.  In previous …

… Neville Chamberlain and French Prime Minister Edouard Daladier met in Munich with German and Italian dictators Adolf … really premeditated collusion with the dictators to fight communism elsewhere. Had they carefully examined the … imperial England and Nazi Germany were “the two pillars of European peace and buttresses against communism.” At his …

… For fifty years the Soviet Union stood in the eyes of the West as a terrifying … Soviet Union. The opening of archives in Russia and Eastern Europe has permitted Vladislav M. Zubok to produce the first … motives and the messianic revolutionary ideals of Russian communism. 2 Originating in Czarist Russia, traditional …

… reportedly a casualty of the disease, although he did not die from it. Mosaics from the apse in the Basilica of San … Justinian is the figure in the center. The mosaics were completed in 547 CE. Because there have been multiple … et al. “Ancient Yersinia pestis genomes from across Western Europe reveal early diversification during the First …

… massacre. As the largest case of mass violence in Europe since World War II, Srebrenica serves as a poignant … legacies that acts of violence leave on individuals and communities, and the importance of remembering and … the UN peacekeeping compound in Potočari. Dutch UNPROFOR soldiers help Bosniak refugees board a jeep in July 1995. That …

… in the Sejm (Parliament) and the newly-formed Senate to non-Communist candidates. The Polish elections laid the … countries to forge ahead with their efforts to remove their Soviet-led communist parties from power, a process that would be fully realized in Eastern Europe by the end of the year. Lech Wałęsa, 2009 The Polish …

… on an ill-fated crusade to defeat the “contagion” of European revolution by restoring the empires of Russia, … that had long enjoyed cultural autonomy. But, as Sunderland points out, people like Ungern could exist in two (or more) … that is engaging, insightful, and accessible to a wide audience. Along the way he neatly summarizes critical moments …

… 1494, after Christopher Columbus returned from the West Indies, the Spanish and Portuguese governments signed a deal … Portuguese close friends and family, Spaniards and other Europeans with sailing experiences were brought in, some of them to work off debts. Magellan’s second-in-command was the Spanish overseer and accountant, Juan de …

… did the number of animals behind bars. When the ancient, medieval, and early-modern upper classes fell in love with … and King Ferdinand, setting a precedent for stocking European menageries with New World animals. Throughout the … Tatiana during the incident. Yet the history of zoogoing points us toward future possibilities. How might a zoogoer …

… If your social media accounts and email inbox have been anything … *which* Roman decline and fall is the best parallel. Some commentators prefer the fall of the Roman Republic as the … as an opportunity to remind readers of one of his key points by noting astutely, “Five centuries of Roman history …

… have been levelling their ire with deadly consequences at comedians whose work they have deemed to be blasphemous or … was kidnapped and murdered in September 1995, while Dorbane died when a bomb that militants had placed near the offices … not a new phenomenon born in the 2000s at the moment when European caricaturists started drawing the Prophet Muhammad. …

… cyclists might wear the yellow jersey during the three-week competition, only one will ultimately win it. Cover of the … in the aftermath of another war—World War II, one that tore Europe apart—that the Tour de France ventured outside of … beyond France’s borders and its neighbors to reach audiences thousands of miles away. No longer exclusively …

… threatened a 30-year peace in this oft-forgotten corner of Europe. Since April 25, 2022, eight attacks have occurred … five to ten individuals planted 12 anti-tank mines at a telecommunications complex, destroying two large radio antennas. … on orders from Moscow. In all likelihood, the Russian soldiers themselves decided to intervene because they had …

… The decommissioning of weapons in Northern Ireland ought to be a … from an IRA arms dump by dissidents. Twenty-nine people died and more than three hundred were injured in this … of Libyan-supplied Semtex explosive and thousands of East European rifles are today held in secret locations all over …

… violence. By the end, a few thousand Spaniards under the command of Hernando Cortés fighting alongside many times … spreading.” The Nuremburg Map of 1524 is the earliest known European visualization of Tenochtitlan. Tenochtitlan was … people in the early sixteenth century. For a Spanish soldier fighting with Hernando Cortés named Bernal Díaz del …

… role in the 20 th century struggles for control of eastern Europe.  It was here that the collapsing Habsburg and … battle in World War I and where Nazi Germany and Stalin’s Soviet Union embarked on their plans to divide and conquer … this region has also been central to Ukraine’s complex journey to define itself. In the Soviet era and in …

… republic of Crimea, however, show this conflict is not so close to resolution. Though described as predominantly … dissent between Crimea's pro and anti-Russian populace is compounded by Russia's refusal to respect its border laws. … one writer believes could be "the gravest crisis in Europe since the end of the Cold War." This situation in …

… Can responses to past terrorist acts provide any sort of guidance to the United States as it moves toward the … point-blank range in the Bosnian capital, Sarajevo. Much of Europe was outraged by this audacious, cowardly act of … of the Marne. Both sides then dug in along what would become the great Western Front, a series of trenches extending …

… Ohio State history professor, Dr. Alice Conklin, recenltly connected history to today in an interview for NPR affiliate WKNO . From the website: Host Jonathan Judaken and author Alice Conklin … and empire at the high water mark of French imperialism and European fascism, as well as this neglected chapter in the …

… surveys the ways in which Christians living in Western Europe from 250-650 CE understood the relationship between … of the living, and that the property of the church had come to be thought of as being held as a trust with which to … Western Christianity.  This, in my opinion, impedes his audience from considering the true centrality of the issues of …

… and which the young Lenin read five times (14).  Lenin's commitment to activism strengthened in college, first at … of St. Petersburg, where he, like many of his peers, studied Marx, finding the theory to be a "sound and scientific" … to keep in contact with Marxists throughout Russia and Europe, aiding in the founding of the Russian Social …

… win the war, and expected conflict into 1919. David Stevenson's sixth book on the conflict, With Our Backs to the Wall … of 1918, then nuanced chapters examining the major combatants in technology, logistics, and intelligence, … introduction and conclusion emphasizing Stevenson's salient points. That minor criticism aside, the author's is largely …