Review of The Two Powers: The Papacy, The Empire, and the Struggle for Sovereignty in the Thirteenth Century, by Brett Edward Whalen (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019)
… for the pope’s jurisdiction over all men, even emperors and kings—also produced riots in local towns in response to the … the familial nature of the connection between many of the kings and powerful nobles throughout Europe but then fails … and who actively shaped the parameters of discussion is shockingly modern, and in that vein Whalen’s book finds its …