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… nation must choose between alternative ways of life, “communist or free,” Truman declared. Truman shook off fears … not permanent safety. As dreams of destroying communism died, Truman’s approval ratings steadily declined. When the … Vietnam? Guerrilla war erases the line between enemy soldiers and civilians. The world is already uneasy about a war …

… dot the landscape and stand beside opera houses and statues commemorating prominent figures of German cultural heritage. … and live. One of the better examples is the “Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas” or the Memorial to the … the Berlin Wall itself. The city honors ordinary people who died trying to cross the border as well as those who …

… Ehrlich predicted that hundreds of millions of people would die in a global famine in the 1970s unless the rise in human … visions of Malthus, Ehrlich, and other doomsayers have not come to pass.  Drawing on a rich variety of government … Ó Gráda believes that this trend will continue into the future.  Global food production has increased by one-third …

… huge bestsellers. We celebrate the Founders’ audacity and commitment, marvel at their battlefield heroics, literary … taxes for the rich and welfare provisions for the neediest, we have allowed our material inequalities to … They imagined that they were acting in behalf of future generations and humanity at large. Turning a …

… economically most important countries in the world, the outcome of these elections is significant not just for … direct involvement in politics ended in 1985. (Right) Soldiers guarding Guanabara Palace in Rio de Janeiro, March 31, … was elected president of Brazil in 1985 but fell ill and died before he was sworn in. Aécio began his political …

… to the center of the world economy interest in China's future place in the international community has grown. Odd Arne Westad explores China's … foreign powers. Thus, Westad proposes China's international future depends on not only itself, but also on how others …

… debate between Kyrgyzstan and the United States over the future of the American air base in Manas, just outside the … collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Central Asia has become an increasingly important pivot in international … as cotton in Uzbekistan)—even if the end of Moscow's subsidies for unprofitable factories put the local economies in a …

… Over the next three years, the Bolsheviks (soon renamed Communists) would have to win power in a bloody civil war … given the senseless slaughter of millions of soldiers during the First World War, the October Revolution … a critique of capitalism, and he described the socialist future only in vague terms. Nowhere did he outline what …

… ten historical moments help us understand the long and complicated relationships Catalunya has had with Spain as … to Spanish and French, known as Catalan. 2. Catalunya: A Medieval Borderland Miniature of Charlemagne and four Muslim … limiting factor in voter turnout. 10. Uncertainty about the Future One of the proposed flags of an independent nation of …

… barley ( left ) and hops ( right ) are the acceptable ingredients in beer according to the  Reinheitsgebot.   Half a … the price of beer per Maß (a Bavarian liter) and to limit competition for cereal grains used to bake bread. A … newly unified Germany. A member of the Bavarian parliament coined the term “ Reinheitsgebot ” in 1918 during a …

… Nicholas Breyfogle:   Hello, and welcome to Early Encounters with Penguins brought to you by the … Humanities. Ellen is a very prolific author in medieval environmental history and global water history. She's … in their questioning. Ellen Arnold:   Timing the auks are coincident with this entire early history of penguins, auks, …

… cultures, and belief systems. In the Late Antique and medieval eras, Christianity, Zoroastrianism, Islam, and … was crucified. Elias bought Jesus’ robe from a Roman soldier at Golgotha and brought it back to Mtskheta. As he … only after St. Nino spent an entire night praying for it to come back. From its bark, once it was grounded, flowed holy …

… Trump held up Carrier, an air conditioning and heating company, as a symbol of the plight of American … representatives obliged. These economic circumstances coincided with a geopolitical crisis: the dawn of the Cold … And automation will only further reduce employment in the future. An industrial robot places food on pallets in a …

… Before 1600 (the period most of the English precedents come from), of course, one has to be careful when using … is a distinct possibility that William II was assassinated) died violent deaths at the hands of their subjects. Some, … quietly murdered. Others, like Richard I and Richard III, died fighting the rebels. Another two, King Stephen in 1141 …

… in biomedicine in recent years. Three of our “deadly companions.” Poliovirus ( left ), Influenza ( center ), and … the leader Pericles. Pericles, an Athenian statesman who died during the Plague of Athens in 429 BCE. The results … the cause of the pandemic led public health officials on a futile search for a flawed therapeutic to stem the tide of …

… staff, I am alarmed by this news. As their administrations come to a close, presidents establish foundations to raise … didn’t open those tapes until 1996, two years after Nixon died. Taylor sneered, “The archivists have done their … that I had voted for Nixon. None of this bodes well for the future. How a library handles public access depends not on …

… Gaul, or today’s Emilia Romagna—the statesman and accomplished general Julius Caesar crossed the little Rubicon … However, when their third ally, Marcus Crassus, died shortly after the death of Julia, Caesar’s daughter and … Caesar crossed the river, uttering his famous phrase, “the die is cast,” which Appian wrote that he spoke “like a man …

… Patrick Potyondy   Welcome to History Talk , the history podcast for everyone, … with the public from teaching, to writing for a popular audience. We'll even question the value of public intellectual … and many more, as the Times calls them hits on its website.   Patrick Potyondy   And so just to wrap up, do you …

… through the city of Paris from the Temple, the fortified medieval monastery where he was imprisoned, to the Place de la … and Navarre, c. 1779. He traveled in the mayor's coach accompanied by his confessor, Henry Essex Edgeworth de … his hair. Louis addressed the crowd in a clear voice, “I die innocent. I pardon my enemies and I hope that my blood …

… anniversary of the birth of W. E. B. Du Bois. Although he died more than 50 years ago, his life and work command more attention now than ever before. Many of his … new constitutions, instead, pinned their hopes for their future on the “white wage”—the advantage that being white, …

… west became (if ambivalently for some) the second former communist-bloc state to assume the rotating presidency of … Republic, a sense of recognition as a vital partner in the future of Europe. The Czech ascendancy to the EU presidency … too much national sovereignty to the EU governing bodies. At the time of publication of this article (July …