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Woodcut print depicting the Second Defenestration of Prague in 1618

Out the Window: Religion, Politics, and a Defenestration in Prague

… into a political tool. Monarchs, princes, states, and empires aligned as either Protestant or Catholic and … occurred primarily in the Germanic lands of the Holy Roman Empire and pitted Catholic rulers against their Protestant … choice, and brought to an effective end the Holy Roman Empire. A painting by Gerard ter Borch of the ratification …
Indian bicycle troops are pictured at the Somme in 1916

The Amritsar Massacre

… troops played many roles in the service of the British Empire in World War I; here, Indian bicycle troops are … demonstrate India’s readiness for Dominion status within an Empire that he believed inherently just. The Rowlatt Acts …
American soldiers making rolling barbed wire entanglements during World War I.

War Can Take On a Life of Its Own

… Egged on by its German allies, the Austro-Hungarian empire declared war on Serbia in late July. Within a few … allied with the Serbs in hopes of building a pan-Slavic empire, mobilized its armed forces. In turn, Germany threw …
Soldiers marching at the Champs Elysee

Recovering the History of the French Far-Right

Review of Assassination in Vichy: Marx Dormoy and the Struggle for the Soul of France , by Gayle K. Brunelle and Annette Finley-Croswhite (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2020)

Who's not to Blame in the South Korea-Japan Spat?

… major nation of the postwar era.” Representatives of the Empire of Japan stand aboard the USS Missouri prior to the … soldiers at “comfort stations” dispersed throughout Japan’s empire in the Asia-Pacific —and Japan’s whitewashing of war …
A card celebrating March 8 as International Women’s Day.

International Women's Day

… took part in marches and meetings. The Austrian-Hungarian Empire alone witnessed more than 300 demonstrations. In the …
Fidel Castro in 1959

Easing Up on Cuba

… Furthermore, Castro’s ability today to foment foreign revolutions is nil. Even in his heyday he never ignited a …

Treating the Symptoms: Northern Ireland’s Incomplete Peace

… then more powerfully by the French Revolution . From both revolutions Irish nationalists were inspired by ideas of … inspired by the republican, anti-monarchical ideals of both revolutions. Since the Irish saw themselves as rebelling …

Human Rights at a Crossroads

… among ethnic groups who were minority populations in larger empires. Speaking to an international audience in Paris, he … of the war, four powerful multi-ethnic states in Europe— Ottoman , Austro-Hungarian,  Russian , and German—had …
The Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, Ukraine.

Rus not Russia

… into the royal families of England, France, the German Empire, Hungary, Poland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire, as well as concluding marriages with the nomadic …
A shopkeeper sits outside his store in the Cardo waiting for tourists and residents to stop in.

A Postcard from Jerusalem

… with his eight slaves came to take the site. In 1852, the Ottoman Empire made Dier Es-Sultan one of nine holy sites under the … late 1800s by Arab merchants, the market expanded under the Ottomans. Then during the British Mandate (1917-1947) the …
Sébastien Slodtz's statue of Hannibal Barca.

On the Verge of War, Look Before You Leap

… murdered the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, then fled to nearby Serbia. When tiny Serbia refused … were the defeat and dismemberment of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the abolition of the 600-year-old House of …