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The flag of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Critique of NATO’s Expansion

… and Poland, former East European satellites of the former Soviet Union, were admitted to the North Atlantic Treaty … … Economics/Business/Trade … Cold War … Diplomacy/International Relations … International Organizations … Critique …
Chinese EVA spacesuit "Feitian".

China’s Manned Space Program: an Opportunity for Cooperation

… dominate reactions in the United States. In April 1961, the Soviet Union made Yuri Gagarin the world’s first person in space. … great cost was too much for the rewards. Domestic and international political and propaganda considerations drive the …

Should Age Matter? How 65 Came to Be Old and Old Came to Be Ill

… insurance came to be seen, in the years following the first National Conference on Aging (1950), as the best solution to … populated National Conference on Aging, the Army and Navy Union of the U.S.A., the International Typographic Union, the Croatian Fraternal Union of America, and the Pi …
Cover of "Our Hemisphere"? The United States in Latin America, from 1776 to the Twenty-First Century by Britta H. Crandall and Russell C. Crandall.

Episodes of Ambivalent Empire

Review of “Our Hemisphere”? The United States in Latin America, from 1776 to the Twenty-First Century by : Britta H. Crandall and Russell C. Crandall (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2021)
… In 2019, John Bolton, briefly National Security Advisor to President Donald Trump , said … coverage of the three decades since the collapse of the Soviet Union . Their answer to the question of whether the United …
dollar bill with image of capitol building in front of it

Deeper Than the “Deep State”: Follow the Money

… of either party seeking reform toward a more perfect union? Fear or Money: Will the Real Deep State Please Stand … referred to the American “dual state,” with the growing national security state using modern technology to monitor … policy problem motivating “deep state” thinking is the  national debt , now over $34 trillion, more than a fifth …

An Enemy Until You Need A Friend: The Role of "Big Government" in American History

… later, in 1792, Congress created what was then a huge new national program when it passed the Postal Act. The act … transportation network necessary for this, it chartered the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroad corporations. The … large-scale transportation projects that started with the Union and Central Pacific railroads and also included …
U.S. Department of Homeland Security seal.

Sharing the Burdens of War

… reelection campaign in 1864 because of uneven support for a Union effort that critics called “a rich man’s war, a poor man’s fight.” The Union had adopted a draft but allowed men to avoid the army … M. Schocket is author of “Founding Corporate Power in Early National Philadelphia” and director of American Culture …

"Merchants of Death": The International Traffic in Arms

… supplier in the early 1990s following the collapse of the Soviet Union. He acquired a fleet of Soviet military aircraft … the weapons’ sales are legal in the context of shifting national and international law. Bout also exemplifies the …
Tilden illustration - a hand on another hand that is on a gun on a table with papers

Top Ten Origins: Other “Unprecedented” Elections in American History

… political norms, permanently altered the composition of national political coalitions, or revealed structural … between Breckinridge and John Bell, of the Constitutional Union party. Although Bell earned some votes in the lower … to the emerging Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Republicans therefore thought their nominee, …
 Cover of The Gold Standard at the Turn of the Twentieth Century Rising Powers, Global Money, and the Age of Empire by Steven Bryan.

All that Glitters Is Not Laissez-Faire

Review of The Gold Standard at the Turn of the Twentieth Century: Rising Powers, Global Money, and the Age of Empire, by Steven Bryan (New York: Columbia University Press, 2010)
… aspect of English-style liberal economics for their own nationalist ends.  This is not to say that Bryan dismisses … statist economic institutions, restrictions on trade, and nationalist ideology united in pursuit of the of the … away from the silver based (and French-led) Latin Monetary Union.  In the United States, where coining silver halted in …
The National Cathedral in Washington, D.C.

With God on Our Side

… is on our side, President Bush assures us. Speaking at the National Cathedral on September 14, 2001, he declared that … evil.” The service ended with the singing of the Civil War anthem, “Battle Hymn of the Republic.” To rid the world of … the presence of slave states such as Kentucky in the Union required that he temper his convictions with …
man with a gun in a holster

Top Ten Origins: Gun Regulation

… the standard U.S. musket and decided there was “risk to the national safety by adopting new inventions without being … limit gun possession. 8. Early Federal Legislation The National Firearms Acts of 1934 and 1938 required … through the U.S. postal system, Congress passed the National Firearms Acts of 1934 and 1938. These laws required …
John F. Kennedy and Dr. Alvin Weinburg at the Graphite Reactor Oak Ridge National Lab in 1959.

The Dangers – Then and Now – of a Pre-Emptive Strike

… So far the Bush administration has wisely allowed the international community to take the lead in responding to the … been halting but still hold promise. Recently, European Union officials discussed diplomatic and economic sanctions … but he also thought he had a better idea. He believed Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev could be persuaded to take …
School Lunch Politics: The Surprising History of America's Favorite Welfare Program, by Susan Levine Book Cover

Playing Politics with Our Children's Health

Review of School Lunch Politics: The Surprising History of America's Favorite Welfare Program, by Susan Levine (Princeton University Press, 2008)
… most popular social welfare programs." (p. 2). Indeed, the National School Lunch Program has been loved and hated by … II, Levine argues that nutrition was viewed as "a matter of national defense." National security during the war and postwar eras depended …
Mata Hari (1876-1917).

Top Ten Origins: Spies, Lies, and Moles: Oh My!

… established the secret service in London in 1573, the first national intelligence organization in England’s history. … a network that aided in the escape of hundreds of Union prisoners and Confederate deserters. The Richmond … President Harry S. Truman only shared the information with Soviet Premier Josef Stalin, part of the wartime alliance, …
Flag of Israel with landscape of Israel in the background

Leaving Zion: Jewish Emigration from Palestine and Israel after World War II

… Europe and the Americas, Yehudai provides a fresh transnational perspective on the critical period surrounding the … and the Americas, Dr. Yehudai provides a fresh, transnational perspective on the critical period surrounding the … the boundaries may put themselves in conflict with the national project. And because of national anxieties, …
This Dutch UNPROFOR observation post in Srebrenica took heavy fire from Bosnian Serb troops in 1995.

Srebrenica and its Memory

In July 1995, in the final days of the Bosnian War, over 8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys were killed in the Srebrenica massacre.
Large group of suffragists on steps

One Hundred Years of Women and the Vote

… Party, were two major organizations that were the earliest national organizations to support women's suffrage. So it … who initially worked with suffrage organizations like the National Association. So that was like Susan B, Anthony and … from the anti-slavery movement, the WCTU ... the Temperance Union. And it heightens the idea that women and women voters …