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Washington Receiving a Salute on the Field of Trenton by John Faed, featuring Blueskin.

Does Experience Really Help?

… the true intent of American spying incursions into the Soviet Union after that nation's capture of Francis Gary Powers, … — defying the Supreme Court, uprooting Indians, killing the national bank. But if military experience is no guarantee of …
Rosie Castro with her sons, Joaquín, left, and Julián, April 23, 2006 (ZUMA Wire/San Antonio Express-News/Helen L. Montoya)

No Julian Castro without Mother Rosie Castro

… Latinos and Latinas were adequately represented on the national stage by both major political parties. At their … National Convention, Raza Unida activists held their own reunion in El Paso, Texas, to commemorate the 1972 national … In 1989 activists held a national Chicano Activists Reunion in San Antonio, which was attended by iconic leaders …

Frenemies: Iran and America since 1900

… Shah, and established the Pahlavi dynasty. A hard-headed nationalist, Reza Shah tried unsuccessfully to seize control … British forces pulled out of Iran on schedule, but when the Soviets refused to honor the March 1946 deadline, President … from Iranian Prime Minister Ahmed Qavam that the Soviet Union would have access to oil fields in northern Iran. The …
ELAS Guerrillas, 1943

The Greek Civil War, 1946–1949

… Greek resistance movement that fought the occupation—the National Liberation Front (EAM)—and its guerilla units—the … support in Greece itself, their putative ally, the Soviet Union, had other fish to fry. In an agreement (unknown to …
Ali, left, walking through the streets of Kinshasa in 1974.

The Rumble in the Jungle

… image began to turn decisively away from “divisive black nationalist” and toward “broadly popular American … gold medal at the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City over Soviet boxer Jonas Cepulis, he celebrated in the ring with a … leader, Patrice Lumumba , was regarded as pro-Soviet by the U.S. and Belgium; he was deposed and executed, …
Valerie Plame in 2008.

A Dirty–and Deadly–Trick

… to investigate or even denounce this serious breach of national security. In the long list of presidential misdeeds … they may have been, but no former administration betrayed national security and put the lives of American agents in … have sought political gain through an illegal breach of national security. The least damaging but most sensational …
Tanks and soldiers in parade in Pyongyang

North Korea: The Myth of a Hermit Kingdom

… Hwang, a lecturer at The Ohio State University in International Studies Department and a faculty member in Korean … access to over the last decade or so, with the fall of the Soviet Union, we started to get access to North Korean government …

Colombia: On the Brink of Peace with the FARC?

… 26, 2016, in Cartagena that will then be voted on in a national plebiscite. The FARC is the largest guerrilla group … to the formation of a new political party, the Patriotic Union (UP/ Unión Patriótica ), which became an electoral … at the party and its allies. The flag of the Patriotic Union (UP). Right-wing paramilitary violence against the UP …
migrants walking down a road

Defining Refugees: 1921 and 1951

… these refugees from others seeking to move across international borders, and why is it important to identify … provide a standard definition of refugee status within international law. According to the new Convention, a refugee was … fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or …

Refugees or Immigrants? The Migration Crisis in Europe in Historical Perspective

… and intolerance. It has strained the unity of the European Union , sparked debate about the difference between Western … from poverty) is difficult but important because international law treats these two categories of people … more xenophobic that the rest of Europe? Are the former Soviet bloc countries unable or less willing to cope with …
The logo for the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.

Genocide and Justice in Rwanda

… The logo for the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. On September 2, 1998, … conviction for the crime of genocide was entered by an international tribunal. The date is an essential milestone in the … development of criminal responsibility imposed by the international community for the commission of mass atrocities. …

Fear and Loathing Around the World: The Rise of the New Populism

… left ). Obama, Vice President Joe Biden, and members of the national security team in the White House Situation Room … of the Atlantic Charter is now trying to leave the European Union ; the other just spent the last 18 months bullying its … Communists. Orbán delivering an anti-Communist and anti-Soviet speech at the reburial of Imre Nagy in 1989. In June …

South America’s ‘Sleeping Giant’ Wakes: Brazil’s 2010 Election

… Recent years have seen Brazil take on an ever bolder international profile, a trend that is unlikely to change under … land. Investors also feared that the former metalworker and union leader would place little value on fiscal and monetary … to strengthen Brazil's regional leadership by forming the Union of South American Nations and re-launching Mercosur, …
The ruins of Ludlow

Which Side Are You On?: The Ludlow Massacre and Class Struggle in 1914

… 1913, Ludlow miners (pictured above in 1914) had struck for union recognition; the company's obedience to Colorado's … 1914, the strike had been completely broken. The Colorado National Guard arrives near the camp of the striking miners. … County, there are no neutrals there. You'll either be a union man, or a thug for J.H. Blair [Harlan County …
A portrait of U.S. Brig. Gen. William “Billy” Mitchell, who advocated for air power in the 1920s.

Rumsfeld Must Modernize U.S. Armed Forces

… being prepared to fight a massive tank battle against the Soviet Union for control of Europe, the administration believed, … The conflict spawned the Cold War and an arms race with the Soviet Union. This decades-long confrontation forced the …

The Question of Refugees: Past and Present

… the difficult journey to member states of the European Union in their ongoing search for safety. By extension, it … as internally displaced persons outside the scope of international legal conventions, or have found shelter in … took account not only of Nazi policy but also of Soviet totalitarianism. This is a long and convoluted story, …
Two women in black hijab in Yemen

Yemen: Inside The Forgotten War

… of war, Yemen teeters on the brink of what the European Union has described as “the world's largest humanitarian … whose roots lie in geography, religion, economics, and international relations. Today we'll examine various facets of … can turn this question over to Austin. In 1968 there was a Soviet correspondent named Pavel Demchenko and he was the …

Down and Out (Again): America’s Long Struggle with Mass Unemployment

… crisis since the Great Depression. In the fall of 2009, the national unemployment rate peaked at 10.1 percent and today … are hard to come by, but according to some accounts, the national unemployment rate climbed as high as 17 percent. … than denounced, government action. In his State of the Union Address in January 1983, Reagan proposed the extension …
Portrait of General Winfield Scott.

When “Sensitivity” Has Opened the Road to Victory

… policies might induce the Confederate states to rejoin the Union, or might at least ensure that the four border slave states still in the Union (Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland and Missouri) would not … the possibility of an accidental collision with allied Soviet forces moving in on Berlin from the east. He also …
Dolley Madison, 1804, by Gilbert Stuart.

Women’s History and a Woman’s Subtle Power

… the alternatives Dolley offered us at the dawn of the national experiment. In the early days of the nation, few of … of California, Riverside. She is the author of "A Perfect Union: Dolley Madison and the Creation of the American …
Official Program: Woman Suffrage Procession, Washington DC March 3, 1913

I have many things to say (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 2)

… would include women, Susan B. Anthony moved on to form the National Women's Suffrage Association. Kimberly Hamlin So … of their followers in the group they formed, called the National Women's Suffrage Association, started to say that … however, some of the women in what was again called the National Women's Suffrage Association made a novel argument, …
North Korea's prime minister Kim Il-sung and China's premier Zhou Enlai tour Beijing in 1958.

China Holds the Key to the North Korea Problem

… As the international community struggles to respond effectively to the … with the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union each primarily responsible for peace and order within …