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Outdoing Panama: Turkey’s ‘Crazy’ Plan to Build an Istanbul Canal

… pleasure craft, but Russian oil tankers protected by international agreements as they carry crude on the only sea … also moved closer to its goal of membership in the European Union than under any of his more secular predecessors. Yet, … policy instead drew the ire of an increasingly powerful Soviet Union and the Straits became integral to Cold War …
Washington Receiving a Salute on the Field of Trenton by John Faed, featuring Blueskin.

Does Experience Really Help?

… the true intent of American spying incursions into the Soviet Union after that nation's capture of Francis Gary Powers, … — defying the Supreme Court, uprooting Indians, killing the national bank. But if military experience is no guarantee of …
Rosie Castro with her sons, Joaquín, left, and Julián, April 23, 2006 (ZUMA Wire/San Antonio Express-News/Helen L. Montoya)

No Julian Castro without Mother Rosie Castro

… Latinos and Latinas were adequately represented on the national stage by both major political parties. At their … National Convention, Raza Unida activists held their own reunion in El Paso, Texas, to commemorate the 1972 national … In 1989 activists held a national Chicano Activists Reunion in San Antonio, which was attended by iconic leaders …

Frenemies: Iran and America since 1900

… Shah, and established the Pahlavi dynasty. A hard-headed nationalist, Reza Shah tried unsuccessfully to seize control … British forces pulled out of Iran on schedule, but when the Soviets refused to honor the March 1946 deadline, President … from Iranian Prime Minister Ahmed Qavam that the Soviet Union would have access to oil fields in northern Iran. The …
Ali, left, walking through the streets of Kinshasa in 1974.

The Rumble in the Jungle

… image began to turn decisively away from “divisive black nationalist” and toward “broadly popular American … gold medal at the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City over Soviet boxer Jonas Cepulis, he celebrated in the ring with a … leader, Patrice Lumumba , was regarded as pro-Soviet by the U.S. and Belgium; he was deposed and executed, …
Valerie Plame in 2008.

A Dirty–and Deadly–Trick

… to investigate or even denounce this serious breach of national security. In the long list of presidential misdeeds … they may have been, but no former administration betrayed national security and put the lives of American agents in … have sought political gain through an illegal breach of national security. The least damaging but most sensational …
Tanks and soldiers in parade in Pyongyang

North Korea: The Myth of a Hermit Kingdom

… Hwang, a lecturer at The Ohio State University in International Studies Department and a faculty member in Korean … access to over the last decade or so, with the fall of the Soviet Union, we started to get access to North Korean government …

Colombia: On the Brink of Peace with the FARC?

… 26, 2016, in Cartagena that will then be voted on in a national plebiscite. The FARC is the largest guerrilla group … to the formation of a new political party, the Patriotic Union (UP/ Unión Patriótica ), which became an electoral … at the party and its allies. The flag of the Patriotic Union (UP). Right-wing paramilitary violence against the UP …
migrants walking down a road

Defining Refugees: 1921 and 1951

… these refugees from others seeking to move across international borders, and why is it important to identify … provide a standard definition of refugee status within international law. According to the new Convention, a refugee was … fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or …

Refugees or Immigrants? The Migration Crisis in Europe in Historical Perspective

… and intolerance. It has strained the unity of the European Union , sparked debate about the difference between Western … from poverty) is difficult but important because international law treats these two categories of people … more xenophobic that the rest of Europe? Are the former Soviet bloc countries unable or less willing to cope with …
The logo for the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.

Genocide and Justice in Rwanda

… The logo for the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. On September 2, 1998, … conviction for the crime of genocide was entered by an international tribunal. The date is an essential milestone in the … development of criminal responsibility imposed by the international community for the commission of mass atrocities. …

Fear and Loathing Around the World: The Rise of the New Populism

… left ). Obama, Vice President Joe Biden, and members of the national security team in the White House Situation Room … of the Atlantic Charter is now trying to leave the European Union ; the other just spent the last 18 months bullying its … Communists. Orbán delivering an anti-Communist and anti-Soviet speech at the reburial of Imre Nagy in 1989. In June …

South America’s ‘Sleeping Giant’ Wakes: Brazil’s 2010 Election

… Recent years have seen Brazil take on an ever bolder international profile, a trend that is unlikely to change under … land. Investors also feared that the former metalworker and union leader would place little value on fiscal and monetary … to strengthen Brazil's regional leadership by forming the Union of South American Nations and re-launching Mercosur, …
The ruins of Ludlow

Which Side Are You On?: The Ludlow Massacre and Class Struggle in 1914

… 1913, Ludlow miners (pictured above in 1914) had struck for union recognition; the company's obedience to Colorado's … 1914, the strike had been completely broken. The Colorado National Guard arrives near the camp of the striking miners. … County, there are no neutrals there. You'll either be a union man, or a thug for J.H. Blair [Harlan County …
A portrait of U.S. Brig. Gen. William “Billy” Mitchell, who advocated for air power in the 1920s.

Rumsfeld Must Modernize U.S. Armed Forces

… being prepared to fight a massive tank battle against the Soviet Union for control of Europe, the administration believed, … The conflict spawned the Cold War and an arms race with the Soviet Union. This decades-long confrontation forced the …

The Question of Refugees: Past and Present

… the difficult journey to member states of the European Union in their ongoing search for safety. By extension, it … as internally displaced persons outside the scope of international legal conventions, or have found shelter in … took account not only of Nazi policy but also of Soviet totalitarianism. This is a long and convoluted story, …
Two women in black hijab in Yemen

Yemen: Inside The Forgotten War

… of war, Yemen teeters on the brink of what the European Union has described as “the world's largest humanitarian … whose roots lie in geography, religion, economics, and international relations. Today we'll examine various facets of … can turn this question over to Austin. In 1968 there was a Soviet correspondent named Pavel Demchenko and he was the …