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Henry Ford with a Model T in 1921.

What Bill Ford Is Learning from Great-Grandpa

… Now that Ford Motor Company has announced its “Way Forward” restructuring plan, … proclaim that “Innovation Is Our Mission,” he rightly points to the company’s long record of innovation in … pictures and words in ads was certainly a risk. When Henry died in 1947, his once heroic reputation had sunk so low — …

Interracial Marriage in "Post-Racial" America

… In June, many Americans marked Loving Day—an annual gathering to fight racial prejudice through a celebration of multiracial community. The event takes its name from the 1967 Supreme … means to raise funds for the Virginia Company’s colony. She died in England soon thereafter and the peace brokered with …

The Soccer World Goes to South Africa: Sport and the Making of Modern Africa

… of the re-admittance of South Africa to the international community. To many, winning a rugby tournament might seem to … for protest: sport. The major international sport bodies acted, albeit slowly. When their calls for … is a very difficult thing, let alone going to look for the website of FIFA to apply for a ticket. It is going to block …
In an address to a joint-session of the US Congress on September 20, 2001, US President George W. Bush demanded that the Taliban deliver Osama bin Laden and destroy bases of al-Qaeda.

Bush Should Consider the Fate of Wartime Presidents

… nation must choose between alternative ways of life, “communist or free,” Truman declared. Truman shook off fears … not permanent safety. As dreams of destroying communism died, Truman’s approval ratings steadily declined. When the … no real security. The Cold War created the new enemy. Al-Qaida and similar Muslim groups were enabled, perhaps even …
A memorial to Holocaust victims in front of a Jewish cemetery.

A Postcard from Berlin: Confronting a Troubled Past

… city itself. Found at Berlin's East Side Gallery. Berlin dates back to the 12 th century. All around the bustling … dot the landscape and stand beside opera houses and statues commemorating prominent figures of German cultural heritage. … and live. One of the better examples is the “Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas” or the Memorial to the …
A bus that has been blown up by terrorists

A Who’s Who of Jihadi Terrorism in Europe

Review of Islamist Terrorism in Europe: A History, by Petter Nesser (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015)
… of Charlie Hebdo in 2015. Looking at specific case studies of terrorist cells and associated acts of terrorism , … of leadership, funding, training and recruitment. Nesser points out that the roots of jihadist terrorism lay in the … European cells in Europe and established its own cells commanded directly by leaders in Afghanistan. Despite being …
Nationalist police forces in Barcelona preventing voting in the October 1, 2017 referendum.

Top Ten Origins: Catalonia (Catalunya) and Spain

… ten historical moments help us understand the long and complicated relationships Catalunya has had with Spain as … to Spanish and French, known as Catalan. 2. Catalunya: A Medieval Borderland Miniature of Charlemagne and four Muslim … part of the Visigoth Kingdom centered in Toledo (in present-day region Castile-La Mancha). In 718, Muslim invaders swept …

Re-mapping American Politics: The Redistricting Revolution Fifty Years Later

… thereby over-ruling earlier decisions that courts were not competent to decide such political questions. Two years … differ somewhat between federal and state legislative bodies, but the basic rules (reapportion after every census … since the 1960s, the Court has not wavered on those key points of constitutional interpretation. All of this …

Who's not to Blame in the South Korea-Japan Spat?

… Korean President Moon Jae-in on August 2, 2019. “We have come this far today by overcoming countless hardships. Just … as Moon, has used the anti-Japan card to score political points, much to the consternation of the United States, … slavery by the military to provide “comfort” to Japanese soldiers at “comfort stations” dispersed throughout Japan’s …
Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle that Made England, by Juliet Barker Little, Brown and Company book cover.

Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle that Made England

Review of Agincourt: Henry V and the Battle that Made England, by Juliet Barker Little, Brown and Company (New York, 2006)
… successful, effort to draw the reader in to the late medieval mindset prevalent among the nobility at the time, … unalloyed sense of justification: She announces that the outcome of the battle of Agincourt showed "God had chosen to … Henry in her explanations, even while she denigrates the dauphin without providing any proof that his actions had …

Tradition vs Charisma: The Sunni-Shi'i Divide in the Muslim World

… in the Islamic world and the reasons why they have become so explosive in Iraq, it is hardly surprising that … but they have not bombed each other's pubs over the fine points of Christian theology. Northern Irish Christians have … individuals accepted the authority of scripture as embodied in the Quran and the hadith , and recognized the …
U.S. Marine Barracks in Lebanon

Ten Terrorists Attacks in History

… in the U.S. and especially in Europe in the 1970s than today.  Also, in recent years, terrorists have tended toward … by failing to address the problems in Russian society that compelled the radicals to violence, Russian leaders … on September 11, 2001 and successfully carried out the bloodiest and most consequential terrorist act in history.  They …
Civil Rights March on Washington in 1963.

President’s Commission on Race a Failure

… President Clinton’s commission on race relations is dead on arrival. Most … white and black bigots on the lunatic fringes. Americans dared to believe that the commission would offer solutions … is a professor of African American history at San Diego State University. His most recent book is "Seeing Red: …
Close-up of Indian couple's hands during wedding ceremony

Reproductive Politics and the Making of Modern India

… aimed to reform reproduction to transform both individual bodies and the body politic. Across the political spectrum, … economic development, and to transforming both individual bodies and the body politic. The book investigates the often … in their train will be our lot.” So, she was making two points. One is that birth control is a woman's right echoing …
Nuuk, Greenland skyline with the aurora borealis.

Greenland Fantasies

… parties, struggle with their sexuality, track “likes” and “comments” on Facebook, experience domestic abuse, and dream … outsider.  First published in 2014 in both Greenlandic and Danish and translated into English in 2019, the novella … southwestern part of the island around 985 CE.  The medieval  Norse  settlers relied on the ecological niches of …
Cover of 428 AD: An Ordinary Year at the End of the Roman Empire by Giusto Traina.

The End of the World as They Knew It

Review of 428 AD: An Ordinary Year at the End of the Roman Empire, by Giusto Traina (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. pp. xix, 203. Trans. by Allan Cameron)
… coup which deposed the Arsacid king, Artashes IV, which fundamentally altered the geopolitical balance along Rome's … sphere of influence. In this context Flavius Dionysius, commander of Rome's eastern military forces and a native of … book that is unique for the field of late antique studies. The book's great strength (and its focus) is its …
Cover of Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend by Richard Stoneman.

Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend

Review of Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend, by Richard Stoneman (New Haven/London: Yale University Press, 2008)
… birth narrative takes a markedly different approach. It comes to us via Firdausi's Shahnameh (Book of Kings), … mystery, gold, and enchantment. Later ancient and medieval romantic depictions of the East would be based on … chapters to this theme and discusses it at various other points in the book. Central to Alexander's quest for …
a Galapagos sea turtle swimming in the ocean

What’s “Natural” on the Galapagos Islands?

The youngest, westernmost islands are still volcanically active and are thought to be no more than 700,000 thousand years old.
… devoid of animal or plant life. This initial isolation, combined with its location at the confluence of three … unique ecological circumstances that would inspire Charles Darwin to pen The Origin of Species of 1859. Darwin argued … sexual arousal and copulation to rearing, socializing, and diet. For example, since tortoises’ sex is …
View of Tbilisi as seen from Narikala, the city's medieval citadel.

A Postcard from Georgia and Azerbaijan

… cultures, and belief systems. In the Late Antique and medieval eras, Christianity, Zoroastrianism, Islam, and … been buried with the robe is preserved inside the present-day cathedral. One day, the legend continues, an enormous … only after St. Nino spent an entire night praying for it to come back. From its bark, once it was grounded, flowed holy …