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From left to right, Secretary of State Colin L. Powell, Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld, National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice, and Vice President Dick B. Cheney having a working lunch in 2007.

Foreign Policy Doesn’t Need a Mandate

… Although Wilson wanted to create a peaceful international political order based on the rule of law, he … Agreement, which significantly lessened tensions with the Soviet Union, and holding together NATO while blunting French …

Punishing the Past: Presidential Elections in Times of Crisis (1932, 1968, 2008)

… elections in American history that came at a moment of national crisis, 2008 will likely be a referendum on what … of this punishment function at work during moments of national crisis. In the election of 1932, the electorate … FDR did, however, brilliantly capture the shift in the national mood. His personality, and the personality of the …

Singapore at Fifty

… rigs deployed globally, and it is the third largest international foreign exchange (FOREX) hub. Commentators have … region as part of its grand strategy in confronting the Soviet Union. After 1949,  China  grew increasingly insular. This …
President George W. Bush in 2004.

When the Axis Was Truly Evil

… Bush’s widely publicized reference in his State of the Union address to an “axis of evil” has frightened and … balloon for a much bigger war in the name of fighting international terrorism. If that is true, Americans must examine … Britain, France and the United States, destroy the Soviet Union and “international Communism” and establish a …

'The Energy of a Bright Tomorrow': The Rise of Nuclear Power in Japan

… is the only disaster to share the worst rating on the International Nuclear Events scale, best estimates place the … of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, fallout from the testing of Soviet nuclear weapons, and the Lucky Dragon Incident of … and trust between the United States and the Soviet Union. Eventually, the demand for nuclear materials for …
Plumes of smoke billow from the World Trade Center towers in Lower Manhattan, New York City, after a Boeing 767 hits each tower during the September 11 attacks.

Security May Be Too Expensive

… violation of civil liberties in the name of national security. In the administration’s proposed … indefinitely if the government regards them as a risk to national security or wants to question them. The government … must know as surely as they can that the life of the union is at risk. The Mobilization Against Terrorism Act has …
Heads of delegations at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21), which led to the signing of the Paris Agreement.

Looking for a Common Language at Copenhagen

… the summit’s composition best resembles a hodgepodge of national-or what in the United States are called … invention. It was applied bilaterally: the leaders of the Soviet Union and the United States would parley from their …
Fourth of July celebration in Philadelphia, 1819.

The United States: Democracy or Republic?

… Kamala Harris accepted the nomination at the Democratic National Convention, she said, “In the enduring struggle … Constitutional Convention debated the structure of the new national government, they were concerned with creating a … about democracy.  War Democrats saw the preservation of the Union as the key to protecting democracy, and Peace …
Monti's parents receive his Medal of Honor from President Barack Obama during a ceremony in the White House, September 17, 2009.

Leave the Medal of Honor Alone!

… been presented. Some believe the number is too low. In the National Defense Authorization Act for 2010, the Department …
 Pinterest Hien Luong Bridge - Ben Hai River, Quang Tri, Vietnam

Vietnam Revisited: Forty Years after the Paris Peace Accord

… division of the country at the 17th parallel but promised national elections within two years’ time. Determined to … helped end the war. Special guests from Egypt, the former Soviet Union, China, Venezuela, Italy, and France attended these …
Reinforcing Omaha Beach with men and equipment

Remembering D-Day: 10 Important Facts to Know

… Axis forces retreating on all fronts. On the Eastern Front, Soviet forces had gained an undisputed advantage over the … and the Balkans to erode German military strength. The Soviets simply wanted a sizeable second front against the … against Nazi Germany; that success belongs to the Soviet Union. Raging since June 1941, the Eastern Front witnessed …
Three former directors of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme read the news that smallpox had been globally eradicated, 1980.

The WHO and the Eradication of Smallpox

… target  malaria . In 1959, however, Deputy Minister of the Soviet Union, Viktor Zhdanov, renewed the proposal. Zhdanov … WHO to establish the program and provide the funding for national biologics firms to develop sufficient vaccine …
Tiger

Caged: Humans and Animals at the Zoo

… Dr. Tracy McDonald an Associate Professor of Russian and Soviet history, also at McMaster University. Her areas of … Thank you. Tracy, you've looked at zoos in the Soviet Union. How's the history of zoos in other parts of the world …   … Jessica Viñas-Nelson … Brenna Miller … Global/Transnational … Animals … Education … Environment … Caged: Humans …

Updating ‘No Child Left Behind:’ Change, or More of the Same

… authority." Likewise, Dennis Van Roekel, president of the National Education Association (NEA), sees "too much … to excuse-making "traditionalists"—that is, teachers, their unions, and other supposed defenders of a failed system. The … an effective teacher in every classroom (and fewer union restrictions on firing ineffective ones); expansion of …
American Anti-Slavery Society, 1837

Revisiting Long Histories of the Reparations Debate

Review of Reparations for Slavery and The Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History, by Ana Lucia Araujo (New York City: Bloomsbury Academic Press, 2017)
… The controversy surrounding reparations—about whether national governments owe apologies for transatlantic … Reparations for Slavery and the Slave Trade: A Transnational and Comparative History chronicles the history of … formerly enslaved individuals, activists, and international organizations for reparations from post-slave …

Child Kidnapping in America

… his parents were able to turn Charley's abduction into a national cause and to bring their plight and their son's story to national attention. They did so because they were well … P. T. Barnum. The Rosses were also able to use the Western Union Telegraph Company to follow leads from many places …
Sign that reads, "You are either affected or infected with HIV/AIDS."

HIV/AIDS: Past, Present and Future

… fought between allies of the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War, to the globalization and economic … the most at the ready, they were being encouraged by international donor community to scale back.   Dr. Jesse Kwiek   …
A photograph from the tumultuous German-Czech border in 1938 during World War II. The Sudetenland had long been a hotspot of contact between the two groups.

The Space In Between

Review of Cleansing the Czechoslovak Borderlands: Migration, Environment, and Health in the Former Sudetenland, by Eagle Glassheim (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2016)
… Europeans are certainly familiar with national borders. Across the 20 th century borders have been … perhaps the biggest issue tearing at the fabric of European union . Europeans might be less familiar with the concept of … or “liquidation” of Germans forcing them abroad to Soviet and American occupied Germany. In a more concrete …
Infamous photograph of German soldiers rounding up Jews for deportation in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1943.

Weathering the Storm: Wartime Lives of Ordinary People

Review of An Iron Wind: Europe Under Hitler, by Peter Fritzsche (New York: Basic Books, 2016)
… they perceived themselves as individuals caught up in the National Socialist storm. He is interested in those who … Fritzsche’s fascinating discussion of Swiss perceptions of National Socialist aggression is mentioned in the …