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Tommie Smith and John Carlos protesting at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

Ten Protests in Sports History

… the Color Line” in the Late 19 th Century Chicago White Stockings baseman Adrian "Cap" Anson ( left ), and heavyweight … four occasions between 1883 and 1888, Chicago White Stocking baseball teams led by Adrian “Cap” Anson refused to … of the Nation of Islam and an episode of the Dean Martin Celebrity Roast. 6. The 1968 Olympic 200m Final …
The defendants in the dock at the International Military Tribunal. They were organized in the dock according to the importance of their positions in the Nazi leadership.

The Nuremberg Judgment

… appointed a main judge and an alternate judge: making up the eight members of the Tribunal. The alternate … had been forced to support the German war economy by working as slave laborers. He also shared the Tribunal’s … Speer received 20 years, and Konstantin von Neurath 15. Martin Bormann received a death sentence in absentia. The …

The Human Use of Human Beings: A Brief History of Suicide Bombing

… since they completely re-wrote the rules of airliner hijacking. Until then, hijackings had been theatrical affairs in which the hijackers … lives for political concessions. The September 11 hijackings, however, were about the aircraft, not the people on …
The detonation of the Castle Bravo thermonuclear bomb

Top Ten Origins: Civil Defense, Nuclear War, and Duct Tape

… returned to Japan suffering from radiation poisoning, shocking the world and civil defense officials with this … work or whether it would only scare the population by making nuclear war more imaginable. After Kennedy’s initial … the number of possible spaces and expedited the stocking and marking of shelters nationwide. Despite the shelter …

The Dominican Republic and the United States: A Baseball History

… it was only a matter of time before this became a money-making operation. Though baseball was first used to promote … and who represented many of the best players, were taking advantage of the system. They were often scapegoated as … for the Boston Red Sox Xander Bogaerts is quoted in TIME talking about the diversity of baseball, saying the sport “is a …

From Karl Marx to Karl Rove: “Class Warfare” in American Politics

… Americans facing unemployment, losing their homes, and racking up student loan debt, the idea of a struggling "99 … But abruptly, people and politicians have started talking about a class divide. More and more of them detect a … years, largely through increased compensation for the "working rich," such as CEOs. Billionaire Warren Buffet raised …

"Merchants of Death": The International Traffic in Arms

… missiles so that FARC could shoot down American pilots working with Colombian government officials. The Lessons of … in the sixteenth century, European traders began trafficking arms into African, American, and, to a lesser extent, … to West Africa commenced in the late 1690s, with gun-making centers in London and (a little later) Birmingham, …
Group of women marching with signs: "GWU Women's Liberation," "I'm a second-class citizen," "Women demand equality"

A Slut from East Toledo (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 5)

… on to fill the soldiers’ place in the industrial world, working jobs that have been previously viewed as unsuitable for … to fight against the segregation of public schooling working on dismantling segregated public accommodations and … women who became feminists got their start actually in working for women's rights for Black civil rights, but even I …

The Catholic Church and Sexual Abuse, Then and Now

… This legal, institutional response was a long time in the making. Its direct origin lies in Spain in 1558, when a female … after the Age of Graham ;  Baptized in the Jordan;    Martin Luther and the Reformation ; and  the Catholic Church and …

Media and Politics in the Age of Trump

… (Photo by Gage Skidmore). As Trump attacks the press —mocking and feuding with journalists, threatening to change … Cable news organizations are expected to make a record-breaking $2.5 billion this election season. This profit motive … is symptomatic of a highly commercialized system. Profit-seeking is in the media’s very DNA and the always-controversial …

Conflict Termination: How to End -- and Not to End -- Insurgencies

… have some intellectual re-tooling to do. I offer my own working definition by way of a starting point. war , n , – … satisfaction of needs and aspirations and/or by force>. Working definition by Mr. Tom Doumaux. Ohio State University, … on the spot, particularly Ambassador to Saigon Graham Martin, responded in an inchoate manner. Unwilling to accept …
A Soviet junior political officer urges Soviet troops forward against German positions, 1942

Operation Barbarossa

… in overrunning much of Central and Western Europe, most shockingly its rapid victory over France. The USSR, in turn, had … and Japan along very broad lines,” which would mean working together to partition the British Empire. Molotov … . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Craig W.H. Luther, The First Day on the Eastern Front: Germany Invades …
Sign that reads, "You are either affected or infected with HIV/AIDS."

HIV/AIDS: Past, Present and Future

… and The Soccer World Goes to South Africa: Sport and the Making of Modern Africa. ( Image Source ) … of the virus that ends up causing aids scientists looking at the viral clock of HIV have found samples in human … think that it first appeared?   Dr. Thomas McDow   Well, working from the work of Beatrice Han and her team to work with …

Alawites and the Fate of Syria

… ghulāt (Shi’ite extremist) sects, permitting wine drinking, not requiring women to be veiled, holding ceremonies … I. After defeating and evicting the British-backed Syrian King Faysal in 1920, France, in a divide-and-rule strategy, …
the monument of the Soviet army in Sofia, completed in 1954

11/4/2014: Empty Fountains: Communist-Era Monuments Revisited

… of popular fascination and discussion. What is most striking in the post-socialist reincarnation of these imposing … spray-painted “Occupiers!” on the structure. Even more striking is the neglect of the 1300 Years Bulgaria monument in … the ground to declare, “This is where Bulgaria will be!”; King Boris I the Baptist who christened the pagan …
Reinforcing Omaha Beach with men and equipment

Remembering D-Day: 10 Important Facts to Know

… particularly in regards to D-Day. The Americans, despite lacking capability to do so, argued for an invasion in 1943. … visitors. Heads of state from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Canada, and Germany have attended in order …
Plate of enchiladas at a Mexican restaurant.

Mexican Food in the United States

… their own space and identity through food. Borderlands Cooking: Tortillas, Chiles, and Chile Powder  The food … peoples pioneered the “nixtamalization” process of soaking corn kernels in an alkaline solution to make a workable … , which included a San Antonio chili tent. The meatpacking industry, which largely at this time operated out of …

The Summer of ’10: Federal Power, Local Autonomy, and the Struggle over Immigration Policy

… press for school desegregation, which the NAACP was also seeking in a case that it had brought before the U.S. District … dominated by the federal government, immigration policymaking and enforcement have witnessed an increasingly vigorous … to by some as the "corporate death penalty" for revoking business licenses of repeated offenders—should be known …
The Nuremburg Map of 1524 is the earliest known European visualization of Tenochtitlan

The Fall of Tenochtitlan

… the city’s grandeur defied language. He wrote that upon looking down into the Valley of Mexico, “some of our soldiers … 1609), John Carter Brown Library. Diego Javier Luis, “Rethinking the Battle of Otumba: Entangled Narrations and the Digitization of Colonial Violence,” Rethinking History 23:3 (2019). Eulalia Guzmán, Relaciones de …

Fear and Loathing Around the World: The Rise of the New Populism

… many international agreements ( left ). President Obama speaking to the people of Berlin in front of the Brandenburg … ( left ). The former Chief Justice Maria Lourdes Sereno speaking with supporters after Duterte ousted her from office in … campaign, billboards read “The Hungarian reforms are working!” In addition, the new election system created a pool …

Another Silent Spring

… plant and animal species began returning to our cities, making a rather unfamiliar noise with their singing and honking. That clamor of geese, woodpeckers, and swans came from … The biologist and writer Rachel Carson opened her world-shaking 1962 book Silent Spring with “a fable for tomorrow”—a …
Three Afghan police trainees, sitting on ground with guns

Afghanistan: Past and Prospects

… can be taken back to antiquity, really, in terms of looking at it as a modern nation-state. I think it's most … the surrounding agricultural zones, pastoral zones so looking at like Herat in the northwest, Balkh and Mazar e … up to the north. It was a frontier zone. And I think, looking at the ways that Afghans themselves interacted with …
The remains of the crash of TWA Flight 5 in 1931 [Photo from the Kansas Historical Society]

Top Ten Origins: Aviation Disasters that Improved Safety

… there seemed to be issues with the radio navigation aid, making it impossible to find the field with instruments alone. … Report” called for a number of measures aimed at making aviation safer in the air and on the ground. The … in 1956. The tragedy came at a time when Americans were taking to the air in ever greater numbers. And they were …