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A view of the World Trade Center in New York City

Responding to Terror: No Good Choices

… of September 11 outmatched Pearl Harbor. Because it did so, our grief and anger are settling into a cold rage against whoever committed the atrocity and those who may be sheltering the … weapons. At what point should we retaliate? When a million die in Boston or Seattle from a nuclear blast? The same …

A New World Order? Africa and China

… On one hand, huge new markets have opened to American companies; on the other, Chinese producers have created … largest trading partner, surpassing the United States and Europe. Trade between Africa and Beijing grew from $10 … highest level in recent history. From 2000 to 2009, China also forgave poor African countries almost $3 billion in debt, …
Cover of "Our Hemisphere"? The United States in Latin America, from 1776 to the Twenty-First Century by Britta H. Crandall and Russell C. Crandall.

Episodes of Ambivalent Empire

Review of “Our Hemisphere”? The United States in Latin America, from 1776 to the Twenty-First Century by : Britta H. Crandall and Russell C. Crandall (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2021)
… In 2019, John Bolton, briefly National Security Advisor to President Donald Trump , said when asked about the … century, officials sometimes demonstrated a broad commitment to republican and democratic principles. For … policymakers’ professions of freedom and democracy were expedients to cover instances in which they desired — or …
An artistic rendering of the observable universe by Pablo Carlos Budassi. It depicts the Solar System at the center, surrounded by other celestial bodies and galaxies, and cosmic microwave radiation and plasma left over from the Big Bang at the outer edge.

Top Ten Origins: The Universe’s Greatest Hits

… 13.77 billion years ago, our entire observable universe was compressed into the size of a peach and had a temperature of … Solar System at the center, surrounded by other celestial bodies and galaxies, and cosmic microwave radiation and plasma … Clear An image of the cosmic microwave background from the European Space Agency's Planck space observatory showing …
El 5 de julio por S. Davies, Flickr, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

What’s Really At Stake in the Venezuelan Election

… the Organization of American States, the Carter Center, the European Union, and thousands of international electoral … will be no grounds for the United States to reject its outcome. Both U.S. presidential candidates have made … of history and director of Latin American and Ethnic Studies at Lewis & Clark College. …
Herbert Hoover

We Could Use a Man like Herbert Hoover Again

… Hurricane Katrina has underscored the importance of unified command and control in response to national disasters. … to take on this responsibility. For that job, we need a person in the mold of Herbert Hoover again. Herbert Hoover? … More important, he had led the famine relief effort in Europe during and after World War I and may well have been …
Tank in Syria

The Syrian Civil War: Alawites, Women's Rights, and the Arab Spring

… Uprising ” and “ Alawites and the Fate of Syria ” ( Image Source ) … your opinion, would it have been a good idea for the US or Europe to take a more active role? Or did potential dangers … harder to solve. Leticia Wiggins  You bring up these great points of how you know the actuality and kind of what we see …

The Dominican Republic and the United States: A Baseball History

… Over the past century, baseball has become a truly global game. The sport debuted at the Olympics … on these plantations were seasonal workers from the West Indies, where cricket had been much more popular. These … the deployment of U.S. military might in response to feared European incursion into the Dominican Republic. In 1916, 600 …
Cover of the Measure of Earth The Enlightenment Expedition That Reshaped Our World by Larrie D. Ferreiro

Figuring Out the Shape of the World

Review of Measure of the Earth: The Enlightenment Expedition That Reshaped Our World, by Larrie D. Ferreiro (New York: Basic Books, 2011)
Cover of The Chiefs Now in This City: Indians and the Urban Frontier in Early America by Colin Calloway.

Native Americans in Urban Places

Review of , “The Chiefs Now in This City”: Indians and the Urban Frontier in Early America, by Colin Calloway (New York City, NY: Oxford University Press, 2021)
… demonstrates that rather than fleeing these footholds of European expansion, Native people often flocked to them. The … this work, however, the words work to invert the usual viewpoints we use. In essence, what is urban, or a frontier, is … was a man who traveled with an escort of Pennsylvania soldiers; who insisted on not only an interpreter but a clerk …
Paul Bremer in 2003.

Iraq Repeats Long-Ago Mistakes in the Philippines

some 6,000 dead and wounded. Perhaps 20,000 Filipino soldiers and hundreds of thousands of civilians were … force will be counterproductive in Iraq. Negotiation and compromise will help us sort out Iraqi patriots from … U.S. troop presence more palatable to Iraqis. Likewise, the European Union must coordinate reconstruction efforts. …
Paul Bremer in 2003.

Iraq Repeats Long-Ago Mistakes in the Philippines

some 6,000 dead and wounded. Perhaps 20,000 Filipino soldiers and hundreds of thousands of civilians were … force will be counterproductive in Iraq. Negotiation and compromise will help us sort out Iraqi patriots from … U.S. troop presence more palatable to Iraqis. Likewise, the European Union must coordinate reconstruction efforts. …
Anti-draft protest outside the Department of Justice in 1967.

The Draft — for Democracy

… afford to do so continued their education, while their compatriots with lesser means often found themselves … service rates by African Americans, from the Buffalo Soldiers of the nineteenth century through World War II, … with manpower to resist the smaller professional armies of Europe. Current U.S. military doctrine does not rely on …
migrants walking down a road

Defining Refugees: 1921 and 1951

… and Eritrean refugees cross the Mediterranean, bound for Europe in less-than-seaworthy boats; Rohingya refugees from … and Honduran and Guatemalan refugees seek asylum along the southern border of the United States, to name just a few … work begun some 30 years earlier by the office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (HCR) of the League of Nations . …
This is the third Strasbourg astronomical clock which is located in the Notre-Dame Cathedral and was built in 1843, the first clock was built 1352-1354.

Paleotechnic Machines in the Middle Ages

Review of Medieval Robots: Mechanism, Magic, Nature, and Art, by E.R. Truitt (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2017)
… that there was considerable mechanical innovation in the medieval period. These medieval machines included mechanical … or “automata” of this era. Truitt argues that medieval European and Asian “robots” constructed between the 9th and … understood to exist in medieval times. For example, she points to mechanical monkeys and animals that were …

'The Energy of a Bright Tomorrow': The Rise of Nuclear Power in Japan

… by the specter of our nuclear past. And given Japan's complicated past with nuclear issues, it is especially … destructive capability. After first scaring his audience, he pivoted and offered a solution: the development … the potential civilian applications of nuclear power than Europeans and Americans. In Japan, 39% said that nuclear …
Portrait of Jimmy Carter from 1979.

The Nobel Committee Speaks to America

… Carter. By giving him this honor at this time, the Nobel Committee seized the opportunity to express its concern over … An advocate of improving health and living conditions, he also deserves credit for his work on economic development and … the first decade of the twentieth century, and the other to Europe in the second decade. But the award to Carter at this …

Pirates of Puntland, Somalia

… to sustain themselves in deep sea until the vessel actually comes by." Under the pirates' command, the Sirius Star … ordeal, the exception being the captain of the Faina , who died of a stroke soon after his capture. Ancient Traditions, … would discourage traffic through the Suez—especially when Europe's largest shipping company announced it was rerouting …
The Statue of Liberty in New York City.

Where Will “Liberation” Lead?

… is a reprise of the triumphant push into Nazi-occupied Europe at the close of World War II. Administration … Choosing to back dictators such as South Vietnam’s Ngo Dinh Diem, Nicaragua’s Anastasio Somoza, and Iran’s Muhammad Reza … of Guatemala’s Jacobo Arbenz dared to undertake a comprehensive land reform campaign, nationalize corporate …
A Hawaiian man employing the spearfishing techniques described by Fagan, circa 1890.

Built Upon Bounty

Review of Fishing: How the Sea Fed Civilization, by Brian Fagan (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017)
Some of the earliest evidence of Homo sapien s fishing comes from Central Africa where catfish were captured using … enabled extensive chemical analyses of fish bones. These studies reveal not only what fish species people were … written records do exist, such as in the case of medieval Europe, evidence from isotope analysis of bones adds depth …