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Etching of Theodore Roosevelt.

Our Federal Government: Still for Sale

… too. Big business leaders called on presidents to use the national guard and even regular army units to put down … M. Schocket is author of “Founding Corporate Power in Early National Philadelphia” and director of American Culture …
Greek troops with a machine gun during the war

The Greco-Turkish War

… committed by both sides did not go unnoticed by the international community and spawned numerous humanitarian relief … government, withdrew its support. Into this vacuum, the Soviets began providing munitions to the revolutionary … for the Greeks and was a strategic victory for the Turkish National Movement. For the Greek forces, this defeat …
Martha last passenger pigeon

100 years have gone by... still no Passenger Pigeons

… The Last Passenger Pigeon," Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History "The Flight of the … Pigeon, Now 100 Years Extinct," by Krishnadev Calamur (National Public Radio, September 1, 2014) "Century After … And Scientists Hope to Bring Them Back," by Carl Zimmer ( National Geographic , August 31, 2014) "Why the Passenger …
Charles E. Wilson being sworn in

Beyond Civil Rights

… “elimination of segregation based on race, color, creed, or national origin, from American life” as well as measures to … century abolition triumphed in 1860s when the war for the Union turned into a crusade for emancipation. Then …
In order, India’s Indira Gandhi, Pakistan’s Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, and Bangladesh’s Mujibur Rahman

After Midnight

Review of Midnight’s Descendants: A History of South Asia Since Partition, by John Keay (New York: Basic Books, 2014)
… under leaders committed to promoting Islamic identity. The Soviet war in Afghanistan and the influx of ideas and money … of their country. In India, the rise of a new wave of Hindu nationalist movements threatened the subcontinent’s secular …
Photo of FDN & ARDE Frente Sur Commandas in the Nueva Guinea zone of Southeast Nicaragua, 1987

The Imperial Presidency Pushes Back

Review of Iran Contra: Reagan’s Scandal and the Unchecked Abuse of Presidential Power, by Malcolm Byrne (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2014)
… (xxi). Byrne, who is the Deputy Director for the National Research Archive, challenges the oft-accepted idea … United States to ask for assistance in delivering weapons. National Security Adviser Robert McFarlane approached Reagan … were joined together when Oliver North suggested to the National Security Council that future arms deals happen …
The Battle of Waterloo, 1815

Winning and Losing at the Battle of Waterloo

… €2.5 coin. France's objections generated widespread international ridicule, particularly in the United Kingdom. … striking given that Britain, which left the European Union after a contentious 2016 referendum, never actually … On the eve of Waterloo's bicentennial, the tension between national pride and international cooperation remains no less …
October 23, 1983, a massive explosion ripped through the barracks of the battalion landing team (BLT) of the 24th Marine Amphibious Unit at the Beirut International Airport.

Middle East Remains Unstable 30 Years after Attacks on Peacekeepers in Lebanon

… (BLT) of the 24th Marine Amphibious Unit at the Beirut International Airport. Originating from a truck that had rammed … and French forces were serving in Beirut as part of a multinational peace-keeping force . Sectarian political and … to accept the essentially Arab nature of Lebanon, and the “National Pact” was established. The sides agreed that a …
USS ARIZONA sinking during the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941.

The 1942 Internments and Today’s Security Crisis

… allows us to see what is unique about the threat to our national security today and perhaps make better judgments on … Pacific coast and the removal from them of anyone deemed a national security threat. While the order legally … need to protect “homeland security” with a “comprehensive national strategy” involving FBI agents, intelligence …
JFK and Jackie Kennedy on a sailboat

Watching JFK Live and Die Years Later

… Martin Dugard, 2012) comes to life in a docudrama on the National Geographic Channel this month. James Marsden plays … and keen fashion sense, JFK and Jackie served as a perfect national fairy tale that played out on the covers of popular … obsession with Kennedy persists because it was the first national tragedy truly mediated through television and the …
A drawing by Italian artist Achille Beltrame imagines Archduke Francis Ferdinand's assassination by Gavrilo Princip

The Assassin’s Shadow: The Beginning of World War I and the Legacy of Gavrilo Princip

On June 28, 1914, one event changed the world.
… Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. There, Princip was hailed as a national hero who had unified the South Slavs and freed them … increasingly portrayed the 1914 assassination as an act of national defense against those who intended to divide the … legacies—the perception of the Balkans as a hotbed of nationalism and the volatile “tinderbox of Europe.” Graffiti …
The Vengeance of Fulvia by Francisco Maura y Montaner, 1888 depicting Fulvia inspecting the severed head of Cicero.

Thinking of Dick Cheney as Cicero

… “enhanced interrogation,” and they hold that valuable national security information was obtained as a result of … it was in fact torture, a violation of U.S. and/or international law. And let’s make the further assumption that the … say that this “torture” elicited information helpful to national security. In that case, what do we do with Cheney? …
neon sign that says Quiz with question marks around it

History Teaching: Still Crazy After All These Years

… can take pride.” Does this statement come from: (a) A 1987 National Assessment, after which testers argued that low … According to the testers, the results from the recent National Assessment in History, like scores from earlier …
Ita Ford and Dorothy Kazel, two of the murdered women of El Salvador

The Murdered Churchwomen in El Salvador

… this difficult to handle. It’s very contradictory to their National Security ideology.” This change in the church … in El Salvador labeled anyone who participated in labor unions, student protests, or Christian base communities … 1982. (Image by Gary Mark Smith). In 1984, five Salvadorean national guardsmen were convicted for the murder of the four …
Immigrants on ocean steamer passing the Statue of Liberty, New York City, 1887.

Strangers in the Land: An Old Theme Replayed

… for the deportation of those aliens deemed a threat to national security. By the 1840s, anti-immigration sentiment … to internment camps because they were deemed threats to national security. It would not be too much of a stretch to … The same fallacies and arguments about the dilution of national identity and quality of life have been continually …
Vegetables from ecological farming.

Bringing Democrats and Republicans Together over Food

… together:  fighting global hunger.  In fact, an international school meals program is named for former Democratic … working together on hunger issues, including developing the national school lunch program.  As former senators, they … spirit when they proposed to President Bill Clinton an international school meals program in 2000.  The McGovern-Dole …
Photo of William Colby

Casting the Long Shadow of the CIA

Review of Shadow Warrior: William Egan Colby and the CIA, by Randall B. Woods (New York: Basic Books, 2013)
… law firm, and then in 1949, he took a position with the National Labor Relations Board in Washington. The next year, … Colby’s first assignments were in Europe, preparing for a Soviet invasion of Scandinavia and preventing the political … to serve as CIA Comptroller. Richard Nixon and his National Security Advisor, Henry Kissinger, were deeply …
Portrait of Franklin D. Roosevelt from the early 1930s.

The Four Freedoms in the War Against Terrorism

… into superior and inferior “racial states” to fight “international Plutocrats,” “international Bolshevism” and “international Jewry.”  An updated … These goals would resonate with Russia and the former Soviet republics on the borders of Afghanistan, who have …
The Obama family attending a 2014 Easter service at 19th Street Baptist Church.

Democrats Revive Our Civic-Religious Traditions

… their religious faith, as they did so last week during a nationally televised forum sponsored by CNN and Sojourners, … of faith to the problems facing all members of the national community just may be what the Democratic Party, …

The Second Amendment Goes to Court

… research was funded by libertarian think tanks and the National Rifle Association (NRA). In the decade before … an unregistered sawed off shotgun, in violation of the National Firearms Act, 26 U.S.C. § 1132. One of the factors … type of gun used by some members of the militia (the modern National Guard). The Individualist Interpretation and the …