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The Olympic flag flies at half-staff during a memorial service to the slain Israeli athletes, September 6, 1972.

The Munich Olympic Massacre

… The 1972 Munich Olympics were billed as Die Heiteren Spiele —the “Happy Games.” West Germans hoped … met to plan Operation “Ikrit and Biram” under mission commander “Issa,” Arabic for Jesus. Ikrit and Biram were two … (New York Times).  https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/05/world/europe/germany-israel-apology-munich-games.html TV & …

From Harlem to Ferguson: LBJ's War on Crime and America's Prison Crisis

… between five and ten times as high as in Western Europe and other democracies. And by a wide margin the … lives or the devastation it has brought on families and communities across the nation. The historical origins of … James Baldwin, who described white officers as occupying soldiers. “Their very presence is an insult, and it would be, …

Cops and Robbers? The Roots of Anti-Doping Policies in Olympic Sport

… Agency (WADA) Dick Pound presented “The Independent Commission Report #1” to the press corps. The 323-page … banned for life.  Finally, the report moved beyond Russia also to recommend serious action against the International … about what effects the substances might have on athletes’ bodies. Certainly there were those who disagreed, and at times …
Abovian Among the Kurds, painting by Mkrtich Sedrakyan, 1950. (Image from author's personal collection, courtesy of the Khachatur Abovian House-Museum, Yerevan, Armenia.)

Top Ten Origins: Russia’s Relations with the Kurds

… united in a struggle for civil and political rights, they comprise various tribal affiliations and speak different … the Middle East and underscores its unique position between Europe and Asia. Below are 10 of the most significant … writer Khachatur Abovian was the founder of Kurdish Studies in Russia. Educated at Dorpat (present-day Tartu, …
The National Cathedral in Washington, D.C.

With God on Our Side

… he proclaimed that “our nation is chosen by God and commissioned by history to be a model to the world.” This … and they have created institutions to make it a reality. Also in God’s name, they have justified slavery, the theft of … notwithstanding the fact that Spanish missionaries had accomplished this two centuries before. But not all American …
An electron microscopic image of a thin section of SARS-CoV within the cytoplasm of an infected cell, showing the spherical particles and cross-sections through the viral nucleocapsid.

Could SARS Set off Another Great Pandemic?

… acute respiratory syndrome, SARS, has advanced out of southern China to menace Hong Kong, Toronto and, probably, … threat to public health: the specter of a pandemic, and the complacent American response. The so-called "Spanish" flu … million people around the world, more than the number who died in World War I battles. In the United States it killed …
Robert Smalls pictured between 1870-1880.

The Remarkable Life of Robert Smalls

… of the 19th century. Smalls was born enslaved in Beaufort, South Carolina at 511 Prince Street in 1839. His mother was … the state of Confederate fortifications there. Union Naval commanders acted quickly and successfully on this … the Planter , making him one of the highest paid Black soldiers of the war. His reputation was further burnished …
Map showing position of North Korea relative to China

What Are They Thinking in Beijing?

… of a diplomatic storm. Now it’s taking a surprisingly soft line toward massive protests in Hong Kong that have directly challenged Chinese Communist Party (CCP) policies and yet have not been … November as the leader of the Politburo’s powerful Standing Committee. But we shouldn’t make too much of Jiang’s passing …
Indian bicycle troops are pictured at the Somme in 1916

The Amritsar Massacre

… unarmed, peaceful civilians in Punjab were shot by British soldiers under the command of the now infamous “Butcher of Amritsar.” British … South Asia …
Blind Oracles: Intellectuals and War from Kennan to Kissinger, by Bruce Kuklick book cover.

Blind Oracles: Intellectuals and War from Kennan to Kissinger

Review of Blind Oracles: Intellectuals and War from Kennan to Kissinger, by Bruce Kuklick (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006)
… World War. After listening to his story, I asked him to compare what he knew of Vietnam to his own experiences. His … than generals." This view, which is representative of comments made by other veterans I interviewed, does not seem to be terribly uncommon. The lesson of Bruce Kuklick's Blind Oracles , however, is that the …
Sergeant First Class Major Cleveland points out North Korean position to his machine gun crew, 1950.

Executive Order 9981 and the Integration of the American Military

… 9981 required “equal treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, … American Civil War . After the Civil War, the Buffalo Soldiers saw storied service in the American West. Racism and … and lesser men. While African American soldiers and communities protested these conditions, the small size of …
First Cabinet of President Barack Obama in the White House East Room.

The Distant Horizon of a President

… cautious, thoughtful Obama was just plain weak, or worse: incompetent. Well, health care legislation has passed, the … that the moment is ripe for a win), content to lose a few points while reformulating the game itself over the long … look after itself. Kenneth Weisbrode is a historian at the European University Institute and the author of The Atlantic …
Group of women marching with signs: "GWU Women's Liberation," "I'm a second-class citizen," "Women demand equality"

A Slut from East Toledo (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 5)

… the end of the fight for women's rights, especially as so many women remained unable to exercise their citizenship. In this episode, we turn to the next era of women's activism, the … followed a similar path to their suffragist predecessors: born from the Civil Rights Movement, these new …
'What Hath God Wrought?': The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, by Daniel Walker Howe Book Cover.

Mr. Bush Meet Mr. Jackson

Review of 'What Hath God Wrought?': The Transformation of America, 1815-1848, by Daniel Walker Howe (Oxford University Press, 2007)
… Daniel Walker Howe wrought? The answer is a sweeping and commanding synthesis of the political and economic history … the bases. It is also in the nature of such big overview studies that they often devolve, text-book like, into tedious … book from the first message sent by electric telegraph and points out that the company Samuel Morse founded – Western …

Erasing Indigenous History, Then and Now

… Santorum, April 2021 Former Pennsylvania senator (and CNN commentator) Rick Santorum made those comments at a … criticism and controversy from a wide spectrum of American society. He is now an ex-CNN commentator. Rick Santorum … focused once or perhaps twice a year during our social studies classes. Samoset entering the Plymouth settlement in …
Protesters with signs in support of immigrants: "We are all here thanks to immigrants", "If you don't want immigrants, stop destabilizing their countries"; "Defend DACA"

Honduras, TPS, and U.S. Policy

… in creating the conditions that spur migration? On this episode of History Talk, we zero in on Honduras, as hosts Brenna Miller  and  Jessica Viñas-Nelson speak with two experts, Professors Dana Frank and Katherine Borland , to learn why so many … been counted, they said that Nasralla was ahead by several points. And everybody was stunned that he was even allowed …
The new Terrorism Confinement Center in El Salvador, which opened in February 2023, was built to detain thousands suspected gang members.

Marching Back to the Past: Militarism in El Salvador

… average citizens with no connection to crime have become victims of this policy —especially poor and young … gang violence by the National Police and the Armed Forces, sometimes without evidence. Reports of young men detained … According to testimonies after the massacre, the common soldiers’ saying “one dead child, one less guerrilla” was …
This postcard depicts a recreation of the Arbella, the ship that carried John Winthrop and his fellow Puritans to present-day Massachusetts.

From Forgotten Phrase to American Myth

Review of As a City on a Hill: The Story of America’s Most Famous Lay Sermon , by Daniel T. Rodgers (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2018)
… or empty. Either way you know it because it is so familiar, as woven into the very fabric of the American … seemed to me, foreshadows what the United States would become more than the Puritan outpost of Boston. After all, … Winthrop Fleet, which was funded by the  Massachusetts  Bay Company, came ashore in 1630. Ditto across the 19th century, …
man with giant crab

A Tale of Two Fisheries: Fishing and Over-Fishing in American Waters

… started trawling with steam-powered vessels in British and European waters, such as the North Sea. At about the same … ] An increasing proportion of these ships were fast diesel- and gasoline-powered vessels, which were much more … of effort. Profits became less assured for many fishing companies beginning in the 1970s and accelerating in later …
Cover of Civilizations of Ancient Iraq, by Benjamin R. Foster and Karen Polinger Foster.

Babylon Revisited

Review of Civilizations of Ancient Iraq, by Benjamin R. Foster and Karen Polinger Foster (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. pp. xii, 297)
some ten thousand years ago to the seventh century of the common era. They tell the stories of successive … writing was introduced in the Sumerian language (a non-Indo-European language and unrelated to any others known to us) … 883-859) provides the first evidence we have for the pork dietary proscription in this region of the world. Among its …

American Presidential Scandals

… is prone to an astounding pace and variety of scandal. Some incidents are primarily about sex; some are primarily … A tweet from the Richard Nixon Presidential Library after comparisons were made between Nixon and President Trump when … commission of such acts. Burr was acquitted. He moved to Europe, where he continued to seek support for wild schemes …
Aurangzeb in a pavilion with courtiers below.

Aurangzeb: Mughal Emperor

… thousands of non-Islamic monuments and temples, and committing genocide.  To some South Asian Muslims, he was an … created fractures within the Mughal Empire. While in most European monarchies, the eldest son inherited the throne … that the war of succession broke out not after their father died, but when he simply fell ill and continued despite his …
The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) was one of the bloodiest in history: 8 million people lost their lives in Europe's deadliest religious conflict.

Secularism, Past and Future

Review of Secularism: Politics, Religion, and Freedom, by Andrew Copson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017)
… A few years ago Thomas Jefferson received a demotion from the Texas State Board of … French scholar Jean Bauberot. Bauberot sees three essential components to a secular society: 1) the separation of … far fewer of them in 18th century America) – but Copson points out that through the tumult of French politics in the …