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 Mapping the Nation: History and Cartography in Nineteenth-Century America, by Susan Schulten Book cover.

From Sea to Shining Sea

Review of Mapping the Nation: History and Cartography in Nineteenth-Century America, by Susan Schulten (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012)
… Spend a few minutes browsing news websites or blogs and you will see a barrage of infographics … Johann Georg Kohl, cartographer and geographer, to come to the United States where he worked for the Coast … of how and why this demand flourished. There is a companion website to the book, www.mappingthenation.com , which …
The floor seal of the Central Intelligence Agency

Getting Others to Fight Our Wars

… United States. Sometimes, in fact, we try to hide our hand completely. For example, the administration frankly says it … U.S. money, supplies and advisers plus South Vietnamese soldiers was not a winning combination. Then Washington sent … Nixon promise. Two years later, with North Vietnamese soldiers overrunning South Vietnam and storming the U.S. …
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony

Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Wife, Mother, Revolutionary Thinker

… my daughter, I wish you were a boy!” Whether he meant the comment as an affront or as a statement on the injustice … she would not be limited by society but also to ensure that future generations of women would not have to break barriers … life, writing books, giving speeches, and campaigning. She died on October 26, 1902, eighteen years before the passage …
Cover of The Young Turks' Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire by Taner Akçam

The Crime That Dare Not Speak Its Name

Review of The Young Turks' Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire, by Taner Akçam (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012)
… to produce genocide. These include the Young Turks' intense commitment to the homogenization of Anatolia (a development … Some of the Armenians were relocated successfully, but many died in the process mostly from thirst, exhaustion, hunger, … in Middle Eastern history, human rights, and peace studies will glean significant knowledge of the Armenian …
The detonation of the Castle Bravo thermonuclear bomb

Top Ten Origins: Civil Defense, Nuclear War, and Duct Tape

… administration and the North Korean regime and an errant incoming missile alert in Hawaii have focused America’s … of ironic amusement, and “duck and cover” represents the futility of civil defense guidance against atomic bombs. 3. … 2001 reignited a massive effort to protect the country from future threats. On November 25, 2002, legislation …
Film poster for Pather Panchali (1955).

Top Ten Origins: From Bollywood to Indywood

… Multilingualism in India is as common as daylight. India recognizes 22 official languages … recorded residents speaking over 1600 native tongues. It is common to find people who can fluently function in more than … amusing blend of anthropology, comedy and commentary on the futility of resistance. The cast of non-professional actors, …
A photo of Helmut Kohl in1987.

Germany After Kohl

… sad watching a powerful political figure overstay his welcome. Helmut Kohl, German chancellor for sixteen years, has … Germany under Schrôder might do is of greater importance. A comparison of the chancellorships of Konrad Adenauer and … shaped something that others can make even greater in the future. Michael Richards teaches modern European and world …
marriage of Marguerite of Anjou and Henry VI in 1445

Power Behind the Throne: The Women of the War of the Roses

Review of Blood Sisters: The Women Behind the Wars of the Roses, by Sarah Gristwood (New York: Basic Books, 2013)
… behind-the-scenes may have been as important to the outcome of events as the men’s on the battlefield. In Blood … makes good use of the fragmentary sources available to medieval scholars, transitioning smoothly between exposition … right ), and the passages in which Gristwood recreates medieval events are among the best in the book. Her evocative …
Marshall "Major" Taylor was a professional African American cyclist

(Bicycle) Wheels of Change

Review of The Cycling City: Bicycles and Urban America in the 1890s, by Evan Friss (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015)
… cycling clubs were one type of group where cyclists could come together, but they were not merely for elites only. … (185) For every type of cyclist, there was a group that accommodated them and, though they disagreed over who should … this new, and quick, form of transportation. There were complaints of the recklessness of cyclists - fondly known as …
Exterior view of the Union Carbide pesticide factory in Bhopal, India,

The Bhopal Chemical Gas Disaster

… to be sacrificed on the altar of profit - we are flames, committed to conquering darkness, and we will continue the … in their homes nearby.  It is  estimated that 10,000 people died instantly. Survivor organizations estimated 23,000 … abandoned factory have seeped into the soil, water, and bodies of people living around the factory.  Multiple studies, …
John Quincy Adams.

WikiLeaks Reveals a Professionalism of Recent Vintage in the History of American Diplomacy

… he spent the majority of his time working as a de facto commercial agent for the wealthy New England merchant … skills, U.S. foreign agents' lack of language fluency could complicate matters. On the other side of the Atlantic, the … in part because he spoke fluent French, not Spanish.   The common language for most U.S. diplomats, however, was money. …
Sergeant First Class Major Cleveland points out North Korean position to his machine gun crew, 1950.

Executive Order 9981 and the Integration of the American Military

… American Civil War . After the Civil War, the Buffalo Soldiers saw storied service in the American West. Racism and … segregation , however, were defining features of Black soldiers’ military service.  During these conflicts, Black men … and lesser men. While African American soldiers and communities protested these conditions, the small size of …
typewriter

Between Black and White

The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations
… The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations … Between Black and White: The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations … Betw-een Black and -white: The Complexity of Brazilian Race Relations Despite the … unabated until the I 930s. The program, which included subsidies for the transAtlantic voyage, was designed to solve the …
The colorful buildings of Tirana, viewed from the steps of the National Museum.

A Postcard from Tirana: Overcoming the Past

… dotted with reminders of this past, but the residents welcome visitors with true Albanian hospitality and intend to … dot the countryside today. After a 40-year rule, Hoxha died in 1985. With the revolutions of 1989 and the collapse … in vivid colors to reflect the bright outlook of the future. Empty spaces were turned into parks and complexes …

Good Guys and Bad Guys with Guns: Gun Control in Canada and the U.S.

… Vickers, the man responsible for security at the House of Commons, with taking down the gunman. Commentators not … only intended to prevent the government from disarming soldiers. Yet the body was unable to pass any new laws to … great American gun debate. A Look Forward Predicting the future is tricky business, especially since history can …
1992 portrait of General Wesley K. Clark.

Wesley Clark: In the Tradition of Generals Who Make Peace

… officers as presidential contenders. Generals who have become president (there were ten, six of them notable as commanders) have usually succeeded by presenting themselves … Confederacy’s surrender at Appomattox, he squelched his soldiers’ gloating, telling them that “the rebels are our …
President Obama and McChrystal in the Oval Office in May 2009.

The Presidents and the McGenerals

… The furor over comments made by Gen. Stanley McChrystal and his aides to a … — are limited.   Yet many Americans still expect our soldiers not only to hunt down the enemies of the United States … country sufficiently to justify a departure not far in the future.   America’s over-reliance on the military is the …
Engraving of René Descartes.

A Triumph for Religion as Well as Science

… and natural theology was a debate within the scientific community of the day. Within the modern scientific community, there is no debate; biologists disagree on the … that evolution cannot explain, scientists will not become modern-day natural theologians in droves. Instead, …
The Cornalvo Dam, near the city of Mérida in Spain.

Top Ten Origins: Dams

… are being built in Brazil and China, while campaigns to decommission dams are gaining traction in the United States … In 1928, Congress approved a bid by a consortium of utility companies to construct the Hoover dam on the Colorado River. … useable hydraulic head of over 200 meters.   10.  Nature’s Tallest Dam: Usoi Dam, Tajikistan Map of Lake Sarez and Usoi …
Mao proclaiming establishment of PRC.

The Establishment of the People’s Republic of China and Its Impacts

… governmental upheavals after 1911.  Mao Zedong and the Communist Party’s Rise to Victory During the 1920s and … in China, particularly in urban centers. Although the Communists (CCP) had to retreat to rural areas, the party … most of the new migrants to Taiwan were professional soldiers who came from various Chinese provinces, the majority …
Engraving of Roman plague doctor, Schnabel c.1656.

Quarantino: Plague and the Origins of Social Distancing

… get to be sure), or theriac, a syrup made of various ingredients including opium that were aged for up to a decade … of arms of the House of Visconti displayed on the Archbishop's Palace in Milan (right). The most extreme measures … we should look to the past to guide our way in the future.   This content is made possible, in part, by Ohio …
Portrait of Francisco Franco in 1964 from Biblioteca Virtual de Defensa

The Death of Franco

… On 20 November 1975, Spanish General Francisco Franco died in bed, signaling the unceremonious end of one of … of the Fallen is a mass burial site that was designed to commemorate the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) as a … opponents. By the war’s end, 350,000 Spaniards had died as a result of the conflict and another 500,000 had …
Image of a junior high school classroom from Harris & Ewing Photographs.

An Historic Opportunity in Education

… enact this substantial change to Title I. This 35-year-old compensatory education legislation has failed to reach its … that would improve public schools. Rep. Caleb R. Layton’s comments during a debate in 1922 on a proposal to combat … and the editor of the Federal Education Policy History website. He is the author of "Failing Grades: The Federal …

Democratizing American Higher Education: The Legacy of the Morrill Land Grant Act

… training beyond a high school diploma. A high school shop class just will not do for an industry that is today as … to develop their ideas into businesses. The fellowship website states: "Thiel Fellows are given a … Accessibility and practicality will continue to shape the future of higher education in the United States. There are …