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A view of the World Trade Center in New York City

Responding to Terror: No Good Choices

… and anger are settling into a cold rage against whoever committed the atrocity and those who may be sheltering the … accomplices and families. But what must now be done? This is the question transfixing the government and being debated by the rest of society. On one side are the advocates of quick, decisive and massive …
Grover Cleveland, painted by Anders Zorn in 1899

The Politics of Civility

… recede. In their place emerged a fierce brand of political combat that regarded private life as a legitimate field of … of illegitimacy, drunkenness or sexual misbehavior. One northern newspaper, for instance, depicted Andrew … The new protection afforded private life thus became only one aspect of a larger endeavor by professionals to protect …
photo of FDR.

Picking Up Where FDR Left Off

… the economic crisis ripples through the world, some liberal commentators say that the only solution to it is a … of the domestic New Deal: the promise of protecting everyone from the threat of abject poverty. U.S. foreign policy has never done that before. Now is the time to start. The New Deal of …
Caricature of President Nixon in 1970.

Patrick J. Buchanan: a Populist, Not a Conservative

… his party's $12.6 million, thanks to the Federal Election Commission, which ruled in a recent 5-1 decision that … their time has passed. In criticizing the International Monetary Fund, for example, Buchanan claims that support for … school, where he found himself an outsider. He became one of the few outspoken conservatives at the Columbia …
Captured soldiers along the march with their hands tied behind their backs

The Bataan Death March

… Philippines was problematic at best. With the exception of one division of American regulars and a few capable Filipino … the mercurial personality of General Douglas MacArthur, commander of the U.S. and Filipino forces. Overconfident … inland, from which they would be moved by train to a prisoner of war camp. The victors, however, were unprepared for …
Print of "Galveston's Awful Calamity".

Galveston 1900: 125 Years After the Storm

… storm which these swells...told us in unerring language was coming.” —Dr. Isaac Cline Today, the National Weather … result was a tragedy that reshaped the Gulf Coast and led one man to devote himself to the study of hurricanes. In the … with modern utilities such as electricity, gas, and telephones. The thriving island city of almost 38,000 had just …
Raising a Flag over the Reichstag by Yevgeny Khaldei (1945).

The Living Ghosts of the Second World War and the Russian Invasion of Ukraine

… and Neo-Nazis” who, backed by their NATO allies, were committing “genocide” against Russians.  In justifying the … against NATO forces later. Of course, Russia is not alone in its fixation on the Second World War , and many of … anti-Soviet sentiment which often took on antisemitic overtones (since Nazi sympathizers called communism a “Jewish” …
Advertisement of an upcoming land sale by the United States Department of the Interior in 1911. The Interior Department published many similar advertisements to encourage white settlers to purchase "excess" reservation lands.

The Dawes Act

… across the United States owned their reservation lands as a community: families could settle, plant their crops, and own … they resided. Indeed, the land allotment scheme was in one sense a project of social engineering , grounded in the … resort in 1885, he said of Native peoples: “They have gone far as they can go because they own their land in …
Detail of an 8th-century silk painting depicting Wu Zeitan.

Wu Zetian: The Only Woman Emperor in Chinese History

… the Sui and established the Tang dynasty. He rose to become Minister of Works, giving Wu Zetian an early taste of … Struck by her features, Yuan declared that the child would one day rule the realm . As a child, she lived with her … while Li Zhi (later known as Gaozong) ascended the throne. Wu Zetian was so devastated by her loss of status that …
The words "Equal Justice Under Law" which are inscribed on the front of the U.S. Supreme Court building in Washington, D.C.

The Ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment

… revised the way representation in Congress was apportioned, aligning representation more closely with the voting … to vote or hold office. The third section disqualified anyone who had previously taken an oath to support the … too much about it." (Library of Congress) But that did not come to pass. The “no state shall” language was ideally …
man with a gun in a holster

Top Ten Origins: Gun Regulation

… front of the White House in the aftermath of the Majory Stoneman Douglas High School Shooting in February 2018. 1. … the British military. Yet, they also inherited the English common law tradition of regulating arms. English statutes … right to possess firearms, the Amendment was rarely mentioned before the early 20 th  century. 3. The 1790s In 1794, …

The Alpha and Omega of the Greek Debt Crisis

… the machine when I heard some Greek expletives and saw a commotion in front of me. The ATM ran out of money. I spent the next several hours scouring the city, but … ATM, Greece defaulted on its payment to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The result: in order to prevent the …
A Mobil gas station in 1982.

A Case for Gasoline Price Controls

… successfully cut back many consumer prices. Bush frequently compares the war in Iraq to World War II. Last month, at a … have shown that Americans consider gasoline prices to be one of the most pressing issues that Bush must address. … the end of World War II consumer prices rose 67.4 percent. One of the most significant accomplishments by the Roosevelt …
Cover of A Cruel Wind: Pandemic Flu in America, 1918-1920 by Dorothy Ann Pettit and Janice Bailie.

Before There Was Swine Flu

Review of A Cruel Wind: Pandemic Flu in America, 1918-1920, by Dorothy A. Pettit and Janice Bailie (Timberlane Books, 2008)
Cover of Zoot Suit The Enigmatic Career of an Extreme Style by Kathy Peiss.

A Suit, or a Statement?

Review of Zoot Suit: The Enigmatic Career of an Extreme Style, by Kathy Peiss (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011)
… the zoot suit took two trajectories according to Peiss. One came out of the specific experiences of the war … the rise and transformations of the zoot suit. In chapter one, Peiss examines the making of the zoot suit; not so much … songwriters and animators utilized the suit to make commentary on American life during a time of war. Chapter …
Etching of Theodore Roosevelt.

Our Federal Government: Still for Sale

… don’t need to risk jail time because they have exchanged money for votes. In this TV age, campaigning is expensive business. Today’s bribes come in the form of enormous but legal campaign … gifts of land along the routes of the tracks. Favors for money = government for sale. Today’s politicians may deny it, …
Soldiers from 3rd Infantry Division provide perimeter security for Iraqi policemen at a traffic control point in Tikrit, Iraq.

The Limits of Shock and Awe

… Smith returned to England, proclaiming his mission accomplished; but the Virginia Indian wars lasted for decades. … Mountain, where American "peasants" carrying old-fashioned weapons wiped out his forces. Modern weaponry is far more destructive and would seem able to convince any opponent to avoid fighting. The American Richard Gatling …