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Cover of Fears of a Setting Sun: The Disillusionment of America's Founders by Dennis C. Rasmussen

Such a Disappointment

Review of Fears of a Setting Sun: The Disillusionment of America’s Founders, by Dennis C. Rasmussen (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2021)
One of the McMinnville UFO photographs. Skeptics have concluded that the UFO was a small model suspended by wires or string from the power lines visible at the top of the photo.

The Air Force Investigation into UFOs

… Headquartered at Wright Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, OH, Project Blue Book ran for 12 years beginning in … investigating reports of UFOs. To this end it instituted a comprehensive study of UFOs.  This study, known as Project … “misinterpretation of known objects.”  Nevertheless, it recommended continued investigation of all sightings.  Project …
Napoleon, Tsar Alexander I of Russia, and King Frederick William III and Queen Louise of Prussia in Tilsit.

The Global Reach of the Napoleonic Wars

Review of The Napoleonic Wars: A Global History, by Alexander Mikaberidze (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)
… impact outside Europe than in it, he nevertheless makes a compelling case for viewing these wars as events of truly … rest of the world in a breathtakingly wide span of case studies ranging from Chile to Japan . These case studies … campaigns, particularly in 1805-1806, but Mikaberidze points out that the anti-French powers were even more …
The Norwegians Land in Iceland 872 by Oscar Wergeland (1877).

Why We Love the Vikings

… shows like Netflix’s  Ragnarok  and  Norsemen,  to screen adaptations of Neil Gaiman’s  American Gods  and Bernard … ties were also immensely important, for one often needed community support at the assembly to win a legal case. Thus, … was not the first one to do so, his work found a captive audience: the Victorians loved Vikings.  In previous …
Palais de Beaulieu

The Theological Third Way in Latin America

Review of A Gospel for the Poor: Global Social Christianity and the Latin American Evangelical Left, by David C. Kirkpatrick (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019)
… Spirit, teaching them to obey everything I [Jesus] have commanded you” (Matthew 28:19 NIV). This Great Commission … end of the first gospel of the New Testament laid the foundation for a dual-focused Christian mission: proclaiming the … Evangelical Left , explores the development of the understudied—and by many accounts, unacknowledged—Latin American …
Meiji Constitution promulgation by Toyohara Chikanobu, 1889.

Japan’s Meiji Restoration

… dismantled the Tokugawa political structure of feudal domains and re-centralized local administration under … “The ‘Meiji 150th’ project has two main goals,” explained cabinet secretary Uekusa Yasuhiko , “The first is to have the … Assistance.  “As the first non-Western nation to become a developed country, Japan built itself into a country …
President Carter shakes hands with General Torrijos of Panama after signing the Panama Canal Treaty

The Missing "Third" of the Third World

Review of Latin America and the Global Cold War, by Thomas C. Field, Jr., Stella Krepp, and Vanni Pettinà (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2020)
… , to name a few. Yet, aside from the high-profile case studies of Cuba and Nicaragua, one region of the Global South … and development. Latin America is a vast region comprising 33 individual countries in the southern half of … fields of Latin American, Third World, and Cold War history points the way toward much future research. With memorable …
Cover of Trotsky A Biography by Robert Service.

Trotsky: A Biography

Review of Trotsky: A Biography, by Robert Service (Cambridge, MA, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2009)
… speculative thinking with his new biography on Trotsky. Coming after his previous biographies on Lenin and Stalin, … political writings, but rather on the often surprisingly mundane aspects of his personal life. Believing that it is "in … Alexander Parvus (1867-1924) and fell in love with his life-companion, Natalya Sedova (1882-1962). Quickly returning to …
On August 8, 1918, 17,000 German soldiers surrendered to the Allies.

November 11, 1918: The End of World War I?

… On the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, the Armistice went into effect, … the story goes. In January 1918, after forty-one months of combat, Allied troops were ready for a ceasefire, but they … and the failure of the Spring Offensive caused German soldiers’ morale to plummet. The impact was devastating. On …
Graffiti reading "Ireland a Nation, Irish and Free"

The Provisional Irish Republican Army

… beginnings, the Provisionals became the most important and dangerous separatist paramilitary group during the … Catholic Republic of Ireland, an utterly unacceptable outcome. They therefore fiercely fought the civil rights … take a seat, even if elected) in either of the electoral bodies that represented the two halves of the island: the …
Actors in the Berezil troupe, 1922.

Ukrainian Theater on the Soviet Stage

… ensuing chaos and devastation, painfully relevant to all audiences who had endured not only World War I , but also the … cavorted with dancing girls. Finally, the figure of comic writer Ostap Vyshnia was depicted hunting a line of … Avant-Garde of the 1910s and 1920s (Rodovid, 2015). Website: “Open Kurbas” created by Tetiana Rudenko and the …

A Century of U.S. Relations with Iraq

… Under a cloak of early morning darkness on December 18, 2011, some 500 U.S. soldiers at Camp Adder in southern Iraq boarded 110 military … some five hours later. This departure of the 3rd Brigade Combat Team of the 1st Cavalry Division of the U.S. …

The Secular Roots of a Religious Divide in Contemporary Iraq

… in Tikrit, a Sunni stronghold and the former hometown of Saddam Hussein. When ISIS forces drove through villages … some political pundits conclude, negotiations cannot overcome divine principles dictating distinct worldviews that … as  ashura . Shi'is believe that Husayn was a martyr who died the rightful leader of the political community. …
The Slave Trade by Auguste Francois Biard (1833).

When Free Trade Meant Something Else

Review of Not Made by Slaves: Ethical Capitalism in the Age of Abolition, by Bronwen Everill (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2020)
… Africans in the Virginia colony, marking the beginning of a dark legacy, the impacts of which are still felt in American … the global economy. This conversation has raised uncomfortable questions about contemporary businesses and … created a government-sanctioned monopoly for the West-Indies and empowered slave-trading states in West Africa.” If …
A refrigerator advertisement in The Ladies Home Journal, 1948.

The Feminine Mystique

… When W.W. Norton published Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique in February 1963, it printed … magazine. She went on to Smith College, where she studied psychology and completed a year of graduate work at the University of …
President Theodore Roosevelt helped solidify conservation as a national agenda item along with preservationist John Muir.

Executive Conservation

Review of Presidents and the American Environment, by Otis L. Graham, Jr. (Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press, 2015)
… career with the United States Forest Service, that my many happy memories of camping, fishing, and hunting trips in a … Roosevelt helped solidify conservation as a national agenda item along with preservationist John Muir.  At times, the … onto both parties’ national agendas for decades to come and FDR splicing “conservation into the Democratic …
Cover of All the Missing Souls: A Personal History of the War Crimes Tribunals by David SchefferDavid S

Bringing Evil to Justice

Review of All the Missing Souls: A Personal History of the War Crimes Tribunals, by David Scheffer (NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012)
… war broke-out in the former-Yugoslavia. Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic's bloody campaign for a "Greater Serbia" … a test of how well the United States, and the international community could create institutions of governance after the … provided with a vigorous defense. Slobodan Milosevic died in a jail cell in The Hague. Meanwhile the Bush …
The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World, by Lorenz M Luthi Book Cover

Clashing Shades of Red

Review of The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World, by Lorenz M Luthi (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008)
Abraham Lincoln

Top Ten Origins: The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

… a strong hold on the imagination of the American public. To commemorate “Honest Abe,” Origins offers ten of the most … since the murderer proclaimed his identity to a stunned audience in Ford’s Theatre. Non-academic writers have … the timing was Biblical, since Lincoln was shot on Good Friday. 4. The People Connected to the Assassination Mary Todd …
Liu Bang, or Emperor Gaozu of Han

Liu Bang, from Peasant Rebel to Emperor

… and Liu Bang, who founded the Han Empire.” Historians today are less hasty to ascribe such influence to individual … of China’s greatest imperial dynasty was, like Mao, a commoner. As with many dynastic founders, it is difficult to … and “Madam Liu”). They were farmers, working the rice paddies that stretched out from the Yellow River northward over …
scene from the video game Valiant Hearts, The Great War

Top Ten Origins: Historically Themed Video Games

… of four primary protagonists: an African American soldier, a Belgian nurse, a German soldier, and his French … (1994) Strategic Simulations, Inc. (SSI) began developing computer games in 1979, but only established itself as a … has grades for each skill set (politics, war, etc.), body points to simulate the ruler’s health, and a set limit on …
Three former directors of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme read the news that smallpox had been globally eradicated, 1980.

The WHO and the Eradication of Smallpox

… was the result of a decades-long global program involving complex geopolitical cooperation, human ingenuity, and … however, Deputy Minister of the Soviet Union, Viktor Zhdanov, renewed the proposal. Zhdanov proposed a five-year … she was diagnosed with  variola major on August 20; she died on September 11 and became smallpox’s final victim.  In …

The Year of Africa

… like Julius Nyerere of Tanzania and Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia, were part of these ongoing, multilateral … After touring British colonies in Africa, Macmillan had become increasingly convinced that “national consciousness” … of Lumumba’s anti-Western sentiments and as a result of soldiers’ mutinies and secessionist movements in the southern …