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Mourning banners hung at the south gate of Beijing university in the aftermath of the 1989 June 4th incident in Beijing

Survivor: the Chinese Communist Party

… In the spring of 1989, giant crowds marched through the streets … most other nations but has long had close ties to China. Whenever Kim behaves outrageously, the United States, … world that lies beyond its borders. Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom is a professor of history at the University of …
President Obama and McChrystal in the Oval Office in May 2009.

The Presidents and the McGenerals

The furor over comments made by Gen. Stanley McChrystal and … clashes between presidents and wartime commanders, both of them, curiously, of similar prefixes — Generals George … deficiencies in this regard are especially apparent when warriors are given highly calculated and politically …
1960s hippies dancing at a festival.

The Soundtrack of the Summer of Love

… This year we celebrate the 50 th anniversary of the 1967 Summer of Love. Be-ins and … 1960s hippies dancing at a festival. San Francisco was the American epicenter for the Summer of Love, and the … and London was another major center of this youth culture. When the UFO Club opened in London in December 1966, …
Zimbabwe Flag against a blue sky

Colonial Land Injustices in Post-Independence Zimbabwe

… Zimbabwe , formerly Southern Rhodesia, gained independence from British colonialism … the late 1800s. Rhodes demonstrated his imperial ambitions when he planned to establish a Cape to Cairo railway & … allocated land along racial lines. The most productive land was granted to white settlers, a small minority, while the
Image of Adonis on a red-figure squat lekythos.

Easter: A Season of Renewal

The concept of Easter, a spring festival of renewal, a … of resurrection, lies anciently and deeply embedded in the human spirit. Hunters and gatherers, who foraged across … Minor, believed that their god Attis, who committed suicide when frustrated in love, returned to life in the spring.  …
Lt. Cmdr. Raben Talvo (left), and Hospital Corpsman 1st Class Angela Ramirez (right) administer the San Diego Naval Medical Center's first monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment to a COVID-19-positive patient, January 26, 2021.

The Rhyme of History: What the Black Death tells us about COVID-19’s Aftermath

… few historical comparisons make more compelling verse than the COVID-19 outbreak and history’s greatest pandemic: the … Asia in the 1330s, spread west along the Silk Road, and was carried by Genoese merchants from the Crimea to Europe … The Black Death's path across Europe between 1346 and 1353. When the outbreak began, international trade radically …
Image of Jimmy Carter during his ‘Malaise’ Speech.

Should Obama Deliver Another ‘Malaise’ Speech?

… Jimmy Carter was the last president to ask the nation for collective … which have no confidence or purpose."   Energy independence was the rallying point of Carter's speech. He charted a plan … unnecessary trips, to use carpools or public transportation whenever you can, to park your car one extra day per week, …
A photo of the Steamship Martha Washington in 1913.

Thinking Differently about “Think Different”

… an ambitious, brilliant advertising campaign featuring the slogan “Think Different,” with images of Buzz Aldrin, … purchase it from English textile mills. His major concern was for village India, for the millions of Indians living in … the sort of technology for which Apple has become famous. When Gandhi became the major figure in the Indian …
Image of President Carter displayed in the National Portrait Gallery, Washington DC. Portrait by Robert Templeton.

Obama Can Learn from Jimmy Carter, Too

… Jimmy Carter was the last president to ask the nation for collective … which have no confidence or purpose.”   Energy independence was the rallying point of Carter’s speech. He charted a plan … unnecessary trips, to use carpools or public transportation whenever you can, to park your car one extra day per week, …
Courtesans such as Lilly Langtry (in this 1885 photograph) are claimed to have started utilizing underwear as tool of seduction.

Where’s that Sexy History Under There?

Review of Exposed: A History of Lingerie, by Colleen Hill (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Yale University Press, 2014)
… “Nothing equals the voluptuous power of feminine underwear,” could be thethe bustles, the structured brassieres and girdles. When draped over mannequins, these artifacts come to life as … design. As Steele explains it, in the beginning there was only the t-shaped undergarment (which later became the
The Nuremburg Map of 1524 is the earliest known European visualization of Tenochtitlan

The Fall of Tenochtitlan

… “I don’t think they’re done conquering us yet. It just keeps happening.” … tens of thousands of lives, civilian and warrior alike. It was a war of atrocity, massacre, and systematic violence. By … has to agree that what those people [the Spaniards] did when they came to Mexico was a true crime against …
American W84 warhead from the 1980s.

Nuclear Arms Control – Now, More than Ever

The United States continues to live under the fear of … can play a role in preventing nuclear terrorism. It was during the Cold War that Americans first came to grips … During the 1980s, President Reagan used this approach when negotiating with the Soviets. The Stockholm Conference …

Dirty Water: Federal Deregulation and the Re-Polluting of America

… Donald Trump’s untraditional approach to the presidency has led Politico to call him the “ Disruptor … a fundamental fact about water: it rarely stays put. Wastes discharged into bodies of water tend to wind up in … its meaning. At least that was the case until fall 2019, when the Trump administration announced it would repeal the
Signal Soldiers train to protect against Nuclear Biological and Chemical threats.

The Nuclear Theft From the Poor and Hungry

… medium-range nuclear missiles.   Despite this treaty, both the United States and Russia still have thousands of nuclear … of nuclear weapons can be diverted to peaceful uses. This was the ambition of President Eisenhower when he made nuclear arms control a priority with his Atoms …
Burning ships after the Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor.

Not Only Action but Accountability

… Every commentator in America is drawing the parallel between the recent terrorist attacks and thethe handful of strategists who warned that Pearl Harbor was vulnerable, a chorus of Cassandras have persistently … be concentrated against American interests in the Far East. When Osama bin Laden has made his threats against the United …
War News from Mexico (1848).

“Hostilities” and War Powers: Let’s Choose the Constitution

… of a republic," Congress must reassert its control of the war power under Article II, Section 8, of the U.S. … to Congress the sole right to declare war.  The occasion was the debate over the American military intervention in … Polk ordered American troops into the disputed territory.  When the inevitable clash occurred, Polk told Congress that …
Image reading "there is no news tonight"

“No News Day” at the BBC

… February 3, 2020 was supposed to be a busy news night. It was the evening of the Iowa caucuses, the first chance for … a shared culture and identity for the British people. When it comes to news, Americans seem unable to agree on …
The Benin Bronzes in the African Gallery at the British Museum.

LOOT: Colonial Collections and African Restitution Debates

… In 1978, Amadou-Mahtar M’Bow, the Senegalese director of UNESCO, called upon the global … in the Global North to share collections. Ironically, it was the shortcomings of a UNESCO convention that brought … much less agreement exists about other cases, such as when objects were purchased or given. Many sculptors, for …
An AIDS testing site in Moscow, 1987.

The Blame Game: The USSR’s Response to HIV/AIDS

… On the surface, HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 seem as dissimilar as two … the start Soviet officials pushed forward the idea that it was a foreign virus. By the end of 1987, there were fifteen … of the official response in casting blame on foreigners. When Soviets did turn their attention to their fellow …
Cover of War is All Hell: The Nature of Evil and the Civil War by Edward J. Blum and John Matsui.

Forces of Good and Evil

Review of War is All Hell: The Nature of Evil and the Civil War by Edward J. Blum and John Matsui (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021)
… Blum and John H. Matsui argue that Americans living through the Civil War era and its immediate aftermath made sense of … The first addresses how the biblical story of Satan’s fall was grafted onto the issues of slavery and southern … with the wartime experiences of individual combatants. When confronted with the visceral nature of warfare soldiers …
First Cabinet of President Barack Obama in the White House East Room.

The Distant Horizon of a President

… after only one year. His signature health care initiative was stalled; his inner circle had begun to show indiscipline … Vladimir Putin to Benjamin Netanyahu were suggesting that the pensive, cautious, thoughtful Obama was just plain weak, … other hand, is playing for keeps, taking his time (except when he senses that the moment is ripe for a win), content …
Saxonburg Memorial Church.

Does the First Amendment Separate Church and State?

… candidate Christine O'Donnell's recent comment–wondering whether “separation of church and state” is “in the First … “separation between Church & State” in an 1802 letter was actually a narrowly focused explanation of the … and senators used the broader word "religion," and when discussing the issue of “free exercise” of religion …