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… we need to look all the way back to the Sudan’s colonial past. Post-independence conflicts in Sudan were largely … institutions and improving social, educational, and health services. Western regions of Sudan, such as Darfur, were … coexisted with Egyptian schools, missionary schools, community schools, and Sudanese private schools. In the …

… ideals. Obama also evoked these hard-won victories of the past to contrast with the apparent precision, economy, and … us from the ravages of modern warfare, or if they will become the appliances of Orwellian control. What is remarkable … Major General Bennett E. Meyers of the army’s Air Technical Service Command (ATSC) tried to distinguish America’s bomb …

… of China’s greatest imperial dynasty was, like Mao, a commoner. As with many dynastic founders, it is difficult to … his late twenties, however, Liu improved his condition by passing the civil service exam—high marks on government tests were a powerful … Milestones …

… Coming to terms with the American Civil War is no easy task. … was discovered in California, tens of thousands of people poured in by spring of 1849 and, to avoid the competition of … will recognize that these questions bear not only on the past, but also on our present and future. …

… to assume a permanent seat. Brazil is also poised to bypass Venezuela as the hemisphere's major oil exporter; and … and Russia, and with nearly two times the per-capita income of China, Brazil is on track to become a major force in … and studied economics, and began a career in government service. Rousseff was not a member of the Worker's Party …

… I am become death, the shatterer of worlds. J. Robert Oppenheimer … atomic bomb, his creation, explode at the Trinity test site. An atomic age was dawning and Oppenheimer was leading … biography of J. Robert Oppenheimer that grew out of Charles Thorpe's dissertation. Thorpe earned his Ph.D. from the …

… and Voltaire. Diderot is remembered today mostly as a compiler of others people's work in his role as editor of … they venerated science, materialism, reason and natural passions. Thus followed a disdain for aristocracy and … that of the Bastille, so was the Enlightenment pressed into service of the new, authoritarian regime.  Robespierre saw …

… 9/11, reveals a great deal about the phenomenon we have come to know as suicide bombing. First, a radical left-wing … were about the aircraft, not the people on board. The passengers, in fact, were a liability rather than an asset, … 2000s brought no tangible political benefits. Quite the opposite: by 2003, Israeli officials were intercepting the …

… in putting the nation on display on the global stage. And coming up, Brazil : about to host to the 2014 World Cup and … they were spending money in LA to do that, across town in Pasadena, they were building a more or less identical … and Leticia Wiggins. Find our podcasts and more at our website, origins.osu.edu , and you can find us on Twitter, …

… of two Russian ships by a German taskforce under the command of a German admiral improbably marked the entry of … of winter)—organized by the Ottoman Minister of War, Enver Pasha—failed spectacularly. Likewise, an ambitious bid to … beach of ANZAC Cove, one of the principle Entente landing sites on the Gallipoli peninsula Rather than quickly driving …

… some political pundits conclude, negotiations cannot overcome divine principles dictating distinct worldviews that … Sunni minority. Religious and Ethnic groups in Iraq. Many posited that Prime Minister al-Maliki's resignation in … tragedy, insisting the power of the state should have passed to Husayn. In general, there is nothing culturally …

… Tserkva, and arrived at the tail end of fighting between Poles and Bolsheviks (the Bolsheviks won ). They were not … cavorted with dancing girls. Finally, the figure of comic writer Ostap Vyshnia was depicted hunting a line of … Avant-Garde of the 1910s and 1920s (Rodovid, 2015). Website: “Open Kurbas” created by Tetiana Rudenko and the team …

… in the Islamic world and the reasons why they have become so explosive in Iraq, it is hardly surprising that … the Caliphate, based on his kinship with Muhammad and his service to Islam. 'Ali's assassination in 661 represented … reaction to Husayn's death came to be commemorated as the Passion of Shi'i Islam, celebrated during the month of …

… in eighteenth-century Britain. Electrification and telecommunications , led by nineteenth-century American … 17 th century. This “collective bargaining by riot” encompassed everything from earlier sabotage by craft workers in … from the time of the Luddites to the era of Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s. In this context, it is no surprise that …

… hardly in question. The mystery was how high the plot went. Commissioner Charles Chenevier and Superintendent Georges Kubler of France’s … story of commemoration and remembrance of France’s troubled past. In their study of Marx Dormoy and his murder, Brunelle …

… Reading the headlines over the past weeks and months, it seems like déjà vu all over again. … in the region and deploy more heavy weapons, armored vehicles, and other equipment. NATO-member Turkey shoots down a … and dangerous, amplifying the sense of tension and competition across Europe and strengthening the sense of …

… to be solved in that “top-down” way, we have seen the impasse as a question of political give and take. It has been … Arabs saw both these diplomatic developments as treachery, generating hostility toward Jewish settlers. Map of … national myths of each community, such diametrically opposite attitudes toward the founding of Israel were …

… thirty-year conflict in Northern Ireland known as the Troubles. By the time the violence ended in the late 1990s, the … Catholic Republic of Ireland, an utterly unacceptable outcome. They therefore fiercely fought the civil rights … A civil rights march in Northern Ireland, 1968. In years past, the role of defending Catholics in Ireland had been …

… Hornet pilots defied the orders of their American commanding officers. These pilots independently aborted 40 … effective coalitions. The Burdens of Friendship Over the past two centuries, democracies have been more likely than … of coalition warfare derives also from the prerequisites of developing a coherent multinational fighting force. …

… of the text.  In examining roughly two hundred years of comic, filmic, propagandic, and literary portrayals of the … films all testify to the need for humans to learn from the past and their mistakes to recover from disaster, either … is a pleasure to read; the wealth of images is the Art Deco cherry on the Chrysler Building. …

… watched more than a modest portion of cable news in the past two years might be forgiven for believing that we live … London, city displaced court as the preferred site of the social scene, while new money engendered a … of intense familiarity with distance.  This is the "compound" that makes the celebrity sacred in modern society: …

… The consensus among many academics, journalists, and commentators is that Boko Haram is an Islamist organization … organization, the roots of Boko Haram lie deep in Borno’s past. The impetus for the group’s current activities can be … from Mali, North Africa, Egypt, and the Saharan oases visited the region of West and Central Africa known as …

… On April 24, 2015, much of the world will commemorate the centennial of one of the most highly … symbol of the Centennial ;  The City Hall of Los Angeles colored purple in commemoration of the Genocide 2015. … and none to the Armenians, who became in this scenario passive and blameless victims. The Turkish version, which …