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Chinese manufactured goods, like this jar from the Ming dynasty, were highly desired trade items.

Borne by the Waves: The Ocean’s Role in Global Trade

Review of The Boundless Sea: A Human History of the Oceans, by David Abulafia (Oxford University Press, 2019)
… David Abulafia’s The Boundless Sea  is not, strictly speaking, a history of … Ming dynasty, were highly desired trade items. Scandinavia was also central to global trade networks at this time, with … makes the importance of a region’s trading prowess clear when explaining that the Portuguese Empire emerged from a …
First house built with a loan from the Federal Housing Administration after World War II.

Reforming a Welfare State

… In the early 1960s, the English economist, Joan Robinson, … lecturing to a U.S. audience on the British welfare state, was asked to comment on the American “welfare state.” … present in the New Deal years, and after World War II when both parties forged a consensus around fighting the
The coat of arms of the Republic of Texas from the 19th century.

The Real Republic of Texas

… Somewhere in the Davis Mountains of the vast Texas Trans-Pecos is a … McLaren and his followers are a little misguided. Texas was annexed in 1846 — under unusual circumstances, to be … and a special convention. The votes were not even close. When put to the citizens of Texas for ratification, the

当前委内瑞拉危机的历史根源

… Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela , PSUV)倾斜。 … Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela , PSUV)倾斜。 … Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela , PSUV)倾斜。 …

Hacer América and the American Dream: Global Migration and the Americas

… This past summer the American public awoke to the spectacle of thousands of … get papers [e.g. legal status/work rights] in the North. It was not true. Our children are our future. Let’s protect … it’s more akin to a traffic ticket than arrest for assault. When discussing the issue of immigration, it is worth …
Glass negative of Woodrow Wilson from the Library of Congress.

Television Biography: History Lite

… Woodrow Wilson that, for all its many positive qualities, was ultimately a disappointment. Like the vast majority of programs in the "American Experience" … earlier, stating, "There was no credit to come in when I came in. The whole nation had awakened." Yet on …
A 1960s photo of a hallway inside the Philadelphia County Prison.

Have We Learned Nothing About Prisons?

… Today is the 26th anniversary of the horrific conclusion of the worst … One of America’s most notorious penitentiaries, Attica was a powder keg of the cumulative frustrations of the … would not consider. Negotiations reached an impasse when Rockefeller insisted that “law and order,” the
Political prisoners in Kengir, Kazakhstan

Alexander Solzhenitsyn

… December 11, 2018, marked the one hundredth birthday of Alexander Isayevich … whose husband had died in a hunting accident while she was pregnant, Solzhenitsyn would achieve worldwide fame as … during World War II, and in the aftermath of the war, when trainloads of Soviet soldiers were sent directly from …
San Francisco frae the Marin Heidlands, with the Gowden Gate Brig in the foregroond.

The Real West Is an Urban West

… how to hunt wolves. She can skin a moose. She lives way up there on America’s last frontier. So, we might think, here’s … and Orange County in the U.S. Congress. Add to the list Washington State Governor Christine Gregoire from the busy … map. The turning point was actually a decade earlier, when census numbers showed that the level of urbanization in …
An 1889 lithograph of the Historic Capitol of Tallahassee, Florida

For History’s Sake, Preserve Florida’s Presidential Ballots

… For a majority of Americans, the "legitimacy" of George W. Bush's election to the … of that contested election, in which Rutherford B. Hayes was ultimately declared the winner over Samuel J. Tilden. … be given access to the ballots for independent assessment when their findings, perhaps a year down the road, may cast …
Refugee tents in Piraeus port.

A Postcard from a Piraeus Refugee Camp

… Since the beginning of 2015, more than one million people have … a meager selection of donated toiletries: shampoo and body wash, laundry detergent, disposable razors. Everything was … Samir told us, they'd been in Greece for over a month. When we asked what they did all day, Hisham shrugged and …
Russian chemist and educator Dmitrii Mendeleev

Mendeleev's Periodic Table

The United Nations declared 2019 to be the International … law. Early in 1869, Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev was in a predicament many people are familiar with—he was … available chemistry textbooks in Russian were translations) when he developed his periodic law.  Perhaps most important, …
Sister Rosetta Tharpe

The Mother of Rock and Roll

The familiar, yet superficial history of rock and roll … if largely forgotten, creators of rock and roll was born - Sister Rosetta Tharpe. Tharpe was born Rosetta … and even of sexuality. Tharpe’s career was cut short when she died of complications from diabetes in 1973, at the
Photo of Ernest Hemingway smiling.

The Breaking Point: Hemingway, Dos Passos, and the Murder of Jose Robles

Review of The Breaking Point: Hemingway, Dos Passos, and the Murder of Jose Robles, by Stephen Koch (New York: Counterpoint, 2005)
… John Dos Passos met the Spaniard Jose Robles in 1916 during his first venture to … lose both friends during the Spanish Civil War. Robles was murdered at the beginning of the war, and that tragedy … turns on his search for creative salvation through women. When these relationships ultimately fail him, he becomes the
The Tower of David in the Old City of Jerusalem.

A Peace Plan That May Be Worse Than War

… has recirculated his five-year-old Middle East peace plan. The Prince first floated this proposal to President George … been the British territory of Palestine. The Arab response was to attack the fledgling Jewish state and for Egypt and … Israel received a barrage of kamikaze-style bombings. When extrapolated over a population of seven million, those …
Palestinian Prime Minister Mahmoud Abbas, United States President George W. Bush, and Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon after reading statement to the press during the closing moments of the Red Sea Summit in Aqaba, Jordan, June 4, 2003.

A Flawed Basis for Middle East Peace

… think that all peace agreements lead to an end to violence. They don’t. As the recent killings in Northern Ireland … what had been British colonial Palestine. The Arab response was to attack the fledgling Jewish state. Egypt and Jordan … most densely populated cities, Ashkelon and Ashdod. When extrapolated over a population of seven million, those …
Melissa Drexler on trial

Infanticide: Something New Under the Sun?

… An 18-year-girl gives birth at the prom, allegedly suffocates or strangles her baby, leaves … of moral decay. George Will, in his column in the June 15 “Washington Post,” also described Drexler’s actions as the … of just under 40 percent. In other words, during the time when abortion became legal, the sexual revolution flourished …
A wood engraving of President Woodrow Wilson from 1918.

The Osama bin Laden of 1916

… Last week’s attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon have elicited … and guns, and killed 17 Americans. Before last week, it was the last American blood shed by foreigners on … in their discussions of Osama bin Laden in the press. When it went after Villa in 1916, all the United States …
The flag of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

A European Future for NATO?

… If ever there was a time for the United States to lead NATO in a new … could no longer be based on French territory. De Gaulle was dismayed that the major European powers continued to … reform.   De Gaulle always had a long-term vision, even when he didn’t have the means. The current economic crisis …

Original Origins

… pdf .]     A Guided Tour of Origins [PDF] A Gordian Knot: The Ethnic Relations of the South Slavs (revised 2023)  [PDF] Tragedy in Somalia: … [PDF] The Students' Dilemma   [PDF] Who Should You Thank When You Zip It Up?   [PDF] Accessorizing Ken   [PDF] Volume …
British Prime Minister Tony Blair, pictured in 2002

Apologizing for History

… of business and politics. Pope John Paul II apologizes for the Crusades, the Inquisition and the long tradition of … a foreign country: they do things differently there."  He was right. In the 1200s the papacy "knew" that it was a … say "sorry," didn't we? But, as my mother used to tell me when I was a boy, "sorry" does not always make it right. We …
artwork entitled Can You Pass the Acid Test

The Acid Tests

… December 2015 marks the 50 th anniversary of the “Acid Tests,” events held by … to ripple through American culture and counterculture. LSD was first synthesized and tested by Dr. Albert Hofmann in … two occurred in San Francisco on October 2 and 31, 1966 when the pranksters held their “Closing Jam” and “Graduation …
A Day in a Medieval City, by Chiara Frugoni Book Cover

A Day in a Medieval City

Review of A Day in a Medieval City, by Chiara Frugoni (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2007)
The thick walls of a medieval city offered protection to its inhabitants. While open during the day, the gates shut tight after curfew; no one could … stories and images of miracles to reveal urban anxieties. When discussing the fear individuals had of being locked out …
1942 photo of an American flag.

The Changing Symbolism of Old Glory

The American flag is enjoying a new popularity since the … sewed the first one in June 1776 at the request of George Washington. But neither of these points is certain.  What we … the role of a benevolent international policeman. By 1949, when President Truman signed an act of Congress making June …