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Taiwanese flags on display for National Day, 2018.

The Taiwan Strait Conflict

… put the entire  global economy in disarray and for years to come. Estimates of possible losses differ, but they are in … of China (ROC) that had been wrecked by decades of internal divisions, foreign incursions, and social upheavals.  The … The split opened the door for Richard Nixon’s historic visit to the PRC in late February 1972, a trip facilitated …
The Sherman M4-A2E8 Tank

12/3/2014: At the Movies: Fury

… weeks before Hitler’s suicide. As part of the 2nd Armored Division, the protagonists fight their way through a devastated Germany. The first major combat sequence takes place in an open field, as Collier and … which the protagonists in the film belong – the 2nd Armored Division – spent April completing the encirclement of the …

Taiwan's 2008 Elections: A New Direction for the 'Other China'?

… is not quite as large as Massachusetts and Rhode Island combined. It is also the second-most densely populated … Taiwan (where Ma grew up and went to college), Ma has never visited the Chinese mainland. After graduating at the top of … running mate Vice President-Elect Vincent Siew Wan-chang visited China in mid-April for an "unofficial" meeting with …

From Fat Cats to Egg Heads: The Changing American "Elite"

… at … well, any number of things. Lumping them together, the commentariat called all these angry voters “populists” and … R. Duterte of the Philippines posing with a military division in 2016 ( top left ). A 2015 demonstration in … ( bottom right ). Whatever else they may or may not have in common ideologically, these populists share an antipathy …
Minaret Islam Khoja in Khiva

A Postcard from Khiva, Uzbekistan

… history. The train stops in Urgench, a quiet and comparatively modern city of about 150,000 people. Exiting … fourth century B.C.E. Khorezmians were minting their early coins by the second century B.C.E. A century later the … Heritage City. Arabkhan madrasa, 1616. (Photo by author) Visitors are greeted with comfortable hotels, restaurants …
Soldiers at the Battle of Stalingrad

Stalingrad at 75, the Turning Point of World War II in Europe

… of the Second World War began. More than four million combatants fought in the gargantuan struggle at Stalingrad … At the start of the war we reckoned with about 200 enemy divisions. Now we have already counted 360… When a dozen … th Soviet Armies suffered enormous losses: the 13 th Guards Division, entering the battle with over 10,000 men, …

A New World Order? Africa and China

… On one hand, huge new markets have opened to American companies; on the other, Chinese producers have created … parts of northern and eastern African coasts. And the visit of the Moroccan explorer Ibn Battuta to China in the … relations with the United States after President Nixon’s visit to Beijing in 1972, and as a consequence found itself …
A rendering of the Battle of Fort Pillow, also known as the Fort Pillow Massacre, which was fought on April 12, 1864 in Tennessee.  It ended with a massacre by Confederate soldiers of at least one hundred surrendered black troops serving the Union, exemplifying one of the Civil War's transgressions of the norms of warfare.

The American Civil War, Then and Now

Review of The War that Forged a Nation: Why the Civil War Still Matters, by James McPherson (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015)
Coming to terms with the American Civil War is no easy task. … affiliations, "mark[ing] an ominous wrenching of the party division between Whigs and Democrats into a sectional division between free and slave states that foreshadowed the …
A Biafran child suffering the effects of starvation due to the federal blockade during the Nigerian Civil War

“No Victor and No Vanquished” - Fifty Years after the Biafran War

… and cultural challenges. The crisis that would become the Nigerian Civil War began on January 15, 1966 when a … a military body led by General Johnson Aguysi Ironsi, the Commander of the Nigerian Army, who was also Igbo. The … groups, was a crucial factor in reinforcing these regional divisions. Unification fused together culturally and …
The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism, by Aaron Sachs Book Cover

The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism

Review of The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism, by Aaron Sachs (Viking Books, 2006)
… to honor a German naturalist who made exactly one brief visit to the United States early in the nineteenth century, but whose adventures and accomplishments were so much admired they made him an … impact on, and in turn depend on the environment. How many visitors, for example, fail to see the irony of driving an …
Banksy mural of worker chipping star off EU flag

Brexit: Dividing the United Kingdom

… Union. Nearly three years, later, however, the final outcome of Brexit remains uncertain. And issues that affect the … changed? What were the political and economic forces that compelled the UK to join the EU in the first place? What … Dream? , Treating the Symptoms: Northern Ireland’s Incomplete Peace , and The EU: Past, Present, and Future . ( …

Singapore at Fifty

… From a meagre population of 150 when the British East India Company first set up a factory and trading post on the … transactions were facilitated by the use of Chinese copper coins. Chinese currency facilitated trade not just with … A crowd of children cheers the return of the 5th Indian Division to Singapore in 1945. The logical conclusion, for …
A Jewish menorah, which is used during Hanukkah.

How Hanukkah Became the Jewish Christmas

… been a minor Jewish festival. Yet this holiday — which commemorates the successful Israelite revolt in the second … including the newly secularized Christmas. “Santa Claus visited the East Side last night,” the New York Tribune … doing Judah Maccabee proud. Historian David Greenberg is a visiting scholar at the American Academy of Arts and …
NCAA Basketball championship banners.

The Big Business of “Amateur” Intercollegiate Sports

… but the game itself made no money. Men’s college basketball commenced with a similarly obscure contest.  In 1895 at … a nifty $549 million for the teams and their conferences.  Division I men’s basketball is the other big NCAA … by poorly compensated, short-term contract, adjunct, and visiting professors. Employees Who Don’t Get Paid For over a …
A view of Cinicinnati in 1841. The waterways that brought cholera to the city feature prominently in this depiction.

Pandemic Redux: Revisiting Cincinnati’s 1849 Cholera in the Age of COVID-19

… December 25, 1848, brought an unwelcome gift to the Queen City. That Christmas Day, a dying man … “Cincinnati is the city of pigs,” wrote English visitor Isabella Lucy Bird. “[S]wine lean, gaunt, and … English travel writer Isabella Lucy Bird (1831-1904) who visited Cincinnati in the 1850s. After Cincinnati’s initial …
Refugee tents in Piraeus port.

A Postcard from a Piraeus Refugee Camp

… one day after the author's arrival. ( United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees ) We came to Greece with only a … We found people sleeping in tents underneath shipping compartments or on meager strips of grass, a mere stone's … Hisham, for example, were two Iraqi boys who often came to visit us while we were serving tea. Both fourteen, they had …

Interracial Marriage in "Post-Racial" America

… fight racial prejudice through a celebration of multiracial community. The event takes its name from the 1967 Supreme … as man and wife, against the peace and dignity of the Commonwealth,” they were offered one year imprisonment or a … their hometown. After being arrested again in 1963 while visiting relatives in Virginia, Mildred Loving wrote …
a couple in a wedding dress and soldier dress uniform

Between Two Worlds: Jewish War Brides After the Holocaust

… a life in the wake of the Holocaust, many Jewish survivors, community and religious leaders, and Allied soldiers viewed … Dr. Nicholas Breyfogle   Hello, and welcome to Between Two Worlds: Jewish War Brides After the … that we ritualized in our home in that when we used to visit my grandmother, she would take us to a visit with her …

1989 Twenty Years On: The End of Communism and the Fate of Eastern Europe

… congregated in streets and squares and demanded the end of communist rule. These are indelible images deeply impressed … sense of this shift from wonders to worries, one must revisit the history of communism, explore its collapse, and … into the Soviet sphere of influence following the Cold War division of Europe. With Stalin's help, Communist Parties …

The Illegalization of Marijuana: A Brief History

… recreational use. Across the state, celebratory stoners welcomed the New Year by lining up at licensed retailers to buy … punitive drug laws, announced that he too would pursue accommodation for medical marijuana; and recreational … purchasing medical marijuana requires a perfunctory visit to a “pot doc”—licensed physicians who specialize in …
pile of syringes

The Global War on Drugs

… Dr. Nicholas Breyfogle   Hello, and welcome to The Global War on Drugs brought to you by the … holds a PhD in history from Ohio State and is currently visiting assistant professor at the Moritz College of Law in … are 50 years old. President Nixon had created a national commission to study marijuana and he even chose the nine of …

Outdoing Panama: Turkey’s ‘Crazy’ Plan to Build an Istanbul Canal

… on the Bosporus—a strait crowded not only with urban commuters and pleasure craft, but Russian oil tankers … Canal, the Suez and the Corinth Canal in Greece cannot even compete!" The project outlined by Erdogan calls for a 45-50 … the foreign occupation in the heart of their territory—with division of much of the Anatolian heartland among neighbors, …