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President George W. Bush delivers his remarks on the global war on terror during a visit Thursday, Sept. 7, 2006, to Atlanta

War and “The Law of Unintended Consequences”

… advocated by Secretary of State Colin Powell? Or will war come in the form of numerous military strikes that engage … as some of the president’s trigger-eager advisers recommend? We should hope for the former, because a massive … Iraqís invasion in the Persian Gulf War also produced surprising developments. The American enthusiasm for military …

The Secular Roots of a Religious Divide in Contemporary Iraq

… some political pundits conclude, negotiations cannot overcome divine principles dictating distinct worldviews that … politics and religion we need to look back at the closing stages of the Ottoman era and the rise of modern … Rightly Guided Caliphs were chosen by a consensus of the community. This was not a democracy; it was instead a …
Judge Charles W. Pickering, Sr.

Ghosts of Mississippi Haunt Pickering’s Nomination

… The U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee will vote early in March on the Bush … to the 5th Circuit of Appeals, based in New Orleans. The committee should stop this nomination in its tracks.   Why … with the now-defunct Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission, a state-sponsored police outfit that fought …
Mary Mallon in a hospital bed in 1907.

Who Was Typhoid Mary?

… peoples’ hands if people did not wash thoroughly after using the bathroom. When sewage seeped into drinking or … tested and found to be full of typhoid bacilli.  Mallon had committed no crime. She had been unaware of her carrier … public support for Mallon’s plight.  When a new health commissioner took office in 1910, he decided to release her …
From left to right, Attorney General John Ashcroft and FBI Director Robert Mueller in 2001.

Attorneys General Who Cry Wolf

… of immigrants were rounded up on vague suspicion of communist or anarchist sympathies. Ashcroft and his aides have indicated, commendably, that they want to avoid the civil liberties … the 1919 bombings required planning and coordination, raising the specter of an organized terrorist group within the …
Immigrant laborers, part of the Bracero program

Immigrant Deportations Today and the Continuing Legacy of "Operation Wetback"

… less interest in actual immigrants who might settle and become part of the citizenry. The program thus conditioned … contracts. Deportations inflamed tensions between agribusiness and federal authorities ( and which both are still trying to work out ). Large agricultural companies wanted cheap labor while the Border Patrol and …
Soldiers marching at the Champs Elysee

Recovering the History of the French Far-Right

Review of Assassination in Vichy: Marx Dormoy and the Struggle for the Soul of France , by Gayle K. Brunelle and Annette Finley-Croswhite (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2020)
… hardly in question. The mystery was how high the plot went. Commissioner Charles Chenevier and Superintendent Georges … out. And so begins Brunelle and Finley-Croswhite’s Assassination in Vichy , like any good tale of murder and … papers related to the history of the Cagoule—an anti-communist terror organization founded by Eugène Deloncle to …
Bande dessinée par Ali Delim pour marquer la vingtième anniversaire de la mort de Saïd Mekbel

1/30/2015: Les dangers d'être humoriste: Charlie Hebdo n’est pas le seul

… Hebdo a suscité une recherche profonde pour découvrir comment les hommes armés sont venus à être si irrités par les dessins des caricaturistes qu'ils ont décidé d’arrêter ceux-ci … quotidiennement au début des années 90 dans les journaux bien aimés comme Alger Républicain et Le Matin . La «goule» …
Demolition of Alexander III Monument, Moscow 1918

Russia’s February Revolution and the Precarious Politics of Nostalgia

… It is essential to nominate immediately a person possessing the confidence of the people to form a new government. … To delay is impossible.” The tsar did not reply, instead complaining that “Again that fat-belly Rodzianko has written … and the death penalty. Practically overnight, Russia had become, at least in Lenin’s famous description, “the freest …
Ronald Reagan toasting at a State Dinner during his presidency.

Behind the Reagan Myths, a Mediocre Presidency

… number of letters that prove he was no dummy. A historian’s complaint, however, is larger than chagrin at the number of … nation to alter its perceptions, values and policies. The comfortable old ways will no longer do. Reagan had an … government, a task which he was in the end too moderate and genial to pursue to decisive success. If in our unfolding …
The Statue of Liberty during the June 10, 2021 solar eclipse.

Solar Eclipses in American History

… total solar eclipse . Dating to 1223 BCE in Syria, it was accompanied by the appearance of  Mars in the sky and … eclipses offer perspective through their enormity. They command respect. The response of Cooper’s New York to the … national judgments,” foretelling “political darkness” on a sinful people. “Thus saith the Lord, I will darken the earth …
President Lyndon B. Johnson giving a speech about the Voting Rights Act with a statute of President Abraham Lincoln in the background.

The Republican Party and African-Americans: The Real History

… to give black men full citizenship. For that much, Bush and company can claim a worthy lineage. But as early as 1876 — … the Democrats' political machines eagerly absorbed the newcomers. Republican machines, by contrast, reacted coolly … of Bush's stripe – the rank and file of today's GOP — increasingly trumpeted states' rights. By the 1950s, the …
Generals Eisenhower and Patton at the Ohrdruf Concentration Camp

On the Liberation of the Concentration Camps

… War II in Europe. This year as in previous ones, Europeans commemorated VE (Victory in Europe) Day with a combination of somber remembrance and celebration. As we … According to one account, General George Patton, upon witnessing the atrocities at one of Buchenwald’s sub-camps, …
book cover of Empire of Cotton - A Global History

Top Ten Origins: Summer 2018 Must Reads

… The joy of reading comes in all seasons, but many people specifically like to … I can help you. Analyzing and teaching books are large components of my job, and, honestly, I like putting together … (including Chicken McNuggets), the decline of unions, rising obesity rates, the loss of manufacturing, and the …
Black Friday shoppers in the morning at Walmart store in Durham, North Carolina.

Is Retailing’s Death Star Vulnerable After All?

… to Christmas, head over to the local Wal-Mart. The company’s promise of “everyday low prices” is music to the … For better or worse, we’re living in a Wal-Mart World. The company now produces an astonishing 2.3 percent of the … where shoppers turn away from Wal-Mart and give their business to retailers viewed as more employee — and consumer — …
The Sherman M4-A2E8 Tank

12/3/2014: At the Movies: Fury

… their way through a devastated Germany. The first major combat sequence takes place in an open field, as Collier and … climax as the crew of “Fury” defeats a German Tiger tank, losing the other tanks in their platoon in the process. All … was just murky. That’s what I wanted to show, that the outcome was wildly positive, but there was this still this …
Greek troops with a machine gun during the war

The Greco-Turkish War

… Greco-Turkish war erupted. The war resulted in the largest compulsory population exchange in history up to that time (2 … Reports soon circulated that these untrained volunteers committed acts of violence against their Muslim neighbors. … met with staunch resistance. Turkish revolutionary forces using guerilla warfare slowed the Greek Army’s progression, …
In this 1805 painting, the artist imagines American planter and Indian agent Benjamin Hawkins teaching Creeks to use a plow on his Georgia plantation.

Reflecting on Justice 200 Years after the Creek Civil War

… allows us to reflect on such important ideas as justice, communal violence, and political legitimacy. Like any civil … views among Creek people concerning the direction of their communities. But the civil war was also about justice. … the former has sued the latter (and the latter’s statements since) illustrates the depth of feeling for Creek heritage …
This painting by Jean-Baptiste de Saive (1562) portrays the environment of the kitchen as a place of making. As Wall argues, the kitchen was one of the main spaces for women to create and experiment.

Kitchen Wisdom

Review of Recipes for Thought: Knowledge and Taste in the Early Modern English Kitchen, by Wendy Wall (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016).
… legacy and identity, verifying truth, and even forging community. Recipes were not only for the creation of tasty … a professional tome for practical knowledge. With increasing rates of literacy, recipes became less often the prized … of artistry that provided women with a way to engage in comedy and performance at the table. The production of a …
A portrait of U.S. Brig. Gen. William “Billy” Mitchell, who advocated for air power in the 1920s.

Rumsfeld Must Modernize U.S. Armed Forces

… believed, the U.S. military services had to become flexible and mobile enough to meet smaller and more … has been slow to see how pervasive that intrusion has become. Although his belated recognition has impaired his … attack may diminish this resistance even further. The increasing role played in warfare by sea and air power has also …
Cover of Pay for Play A History of Big-Time College Athletic Reform by Ronald A. Smith.

Wagging the Dog

Review of Pay For Play: A History of Big-Time College Athletic Reform, by Ronald A. Smith (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2011. xii + 344 pp.)
… of a permanent facility in which to play football.  When completed, Harvard Stadium cost over $300,000, held 40,000 … Athletic Reform .  Remind yourself periodically that competitive, commercialized, and capitalized athletic … institutions' athletic aspirations, and deconstructs the sincerity of tough-talking presidents from Charles Eliot at …
The Cornalvo Dam, near the city of Mérida in Spain.

Top Ten Origins: Dams

… are being built in Brazil and China, while campaigns to decommission dams are gaining traction in the United States … areas with poor precipitation, such as the Mediterranean basin and Syria, in order to ensure sufficient water for … In 1928, Congress approved a bid by a consortium of utility companies to construct the Hoover dam on the Colorado River. …