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The headquarters of the National Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage in 1911.

The Nineteenth Amendment

… it did not extend suffrage to women. Months later, Lucy Stone and Henry Blackwell formed a rival group, the American … however, white women had greater access to the ballot box compared to women of color. The continued disenfranchisement … of 1920, thirty-five states had ratified the amendment, one short of the thirty-six necessary to amend the …

From Baghdad to Kabul: The Historical Roots of U.S. Counterinsurgency Doctrine

… the benefit of the clear military or geographic objectives common to more conventional wars. This lack of knowledge … quadrillage to divide the country into sectors and positioned permanent garrisons in them to control the population … in the West have become increasingly reluctant to condone the massive level of violence and collateral damage …
Refugees crowded emergency trains leaving to India or Pakistan c. 1947-1953

India-Pakistan Partition

… into two separate, independent states. The violence that accompanied partition, which led to the death of up to a … advanced the date of independence to August 1947, a year sooner than Prime Minister Clement Attlee had first promised. … drawn lines on the map created a political border where none had existed before. Areas with a majority Muslim …
An orientalist nineteenth century Russian view of Samarkand in the time of Timur.

A Castilian in Samarkand, 1404

… treaty with the world-conqueror, whose sack of Baghdad alone caused the deaths of hundreds of thousands. Clavijo … noted that work on the largest mosque in the city had been completed just before his arrival, but Timur ordered its … mounted archers who could repeatedly gallop toward opponents, launch a volley of arrows and hasten away. His …
In order, India’s Indira Gandhi, Pakistan’s Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, and Bangladesh’s Mujibur Rahman

After Midnight

Review of Midnight’s Descendants: A History of South Asia Since Partition, by John Keay (New York: Basic Books, 2014)
… of waterways serves as a metaphor for the subcontinent’s complicated post-colonial coming of age. Favoring academic … The Soviet war in Afghanistan and the influx of ideas and money from the Gulf States supported the proliferation of … are obscured as a result, while the British are largely exonerated as arbiters merely attempting to find a workable …
Troops of the French 2nd Armored Division parade down the Champs-Élysées on 26 August 1944

The Liberation of Paris

… four years of Nazi occupation. Following a week of guerilla combat between Resistance fighters and the occupying German … would indicate the 2nd Armored division which, with only one fourth native personnel, is the only French division … city by the entreaties of its prominent residents? Disillusioned with Hitler and the war? Looking to save his own …
Cover of The Collapse: The Accidental Opening of the Berlin Wall by Mary Elise Sarotte.

…And the Walls Came Tumbling Down: A History of Contingency and Happenstance

Review of The Collapse: The Accidental Opening of the Berlin Wall, by Mary Elise Sarotte New York: Basic Books, 2014.
… irrevocably porous. But the events of November 9 did not come from nowhere. The fall of the Berlin Wall—as detailed … magnifying glass, Sarotte argues, party leader Erich Honecker’s hardline policies grew evermore untenable. The … early October, East German attrition proved intolerable to Honecker, who sealed the state off entirely from both Hungary …
A memorial dedicated to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War (1941-45) in Yaroslavl.

From Kulikovo Field to Kursk: Russia’s Forever War

Review of Russia: The Story of War, by Gregory Carleton (Cambridge, MA and London: Belknap/Harvard University Press, 2017)
… Further away from the city center, a sprawling memorial complex known as Victory Park pays homage to Russia’s wars … Russian history. He devotes an entire chapter (“Defeat Undone”) to examining the ways in which humiliating defeats, … of Crimea  in 2014 and the stalemate in eastern Ukraine. If one follows the myth’s main script, Carleton argues, then a …
The Statue of Liberty during the June 10, 2021 solar eclipse.

Solar Eclipses in American History

… James Fenimore Cooper, the pioneering author of  The   Last of Mohicans  (1826), was no … Sites aligned to solstices and equinoxes—England’s Stonehenge, Ohio’s Serpent Mound—indicate universal interest … total solar eclipse . Dating to 1223 BCE in Syria, it was accompanied by the appearance of  Mars in the sky and …
Vaccination team member giving a cholera vaccine in Cerca Carvajal, 2013.

Cholera and the Roots of Public Health

… the poor’s living conditions. In Great Britain, Poor Law Commissioner Edwin Chadwick, from the miasma school, began to preach … the most effective sewer design for stopping the spread. One point had become especially clear: sanitation was key to …
Cover of Science under Fire Challenges to Scientific Authority in Modern America by Andrew Jewett.

Science Beseiged

Review of Science Under Fire: Challenges to Scientific Authority in Modern America, by Andrew Jewett (Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press, 2020)
… or environmental poisoning, for instance—COVID-19 was compelling “people everywhere . . . to put their immediate … to create a moral framework that “represented a reasoned deference to the sifted wisdom of the ages, not a … command of culture and state. “There was something for everyone to fear in postwar American science,” Jewett writes, …
Woodcut print depicting the Second Defenestration of Prague in 1618

Out the Window: Religion, Politics, and a Defenestration in Prague

… spirit and with a large gesture invite an enemy to become an angel without further preparation or a flying … waters with the concomitant excitement of thrusting an opponent through the window or up the smokehole have made the … in fact, designed to settle an argument by tossing an opponent out a window and the New York Times author might be …
Palestinians during the first intifada, 1987. (Photo by Peter Stepan)

The Long Shadow of the June 1967 War

… ceasefires in 1949 and 1956, they failed to resolve the complex underlying Arab-Israeli controversies over … that officials in the multi-layered U.S. government communicated a range of messages including some statements … Peninsula following the 1979 Egypt-Israel peace treaty. On one hand, Israel withdrew from the Sinai Peninsula in …
Indian bicycle troops are pictured at the Somme in 1916

The Amritsar Massacre

… civilians in Punjab were shot by British soldiers under the command of the now infamous “Butcher of Amritsar.” British … the square after offering prayers at the Golden Temple. Colonel Reginald Dyer, an “old India hand,” who was born and … square. Dyer and his men faced a slight setback when the Colonel realized his armored car (complete with machine gun) …
Portrait of Martin Luther

Martin Luther and the Reformation

… the course of Christianity and western civilization. Commemorative Playmobil figure of Martin Luther. But to stop … of soldiers plundering a farm during the Thirty Years War. None of these long-term influences of the Protestant … War of 1525, or that a faithful Christian society would be one that tolerated a variety of religious viewpoints, …
A portrait of Martin Luther King, Jr.

The Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

… Memphis, a pall of shock and sadness blanketed the black community. Anguish soon turned to anger. Fearing a riot, the … , inadequate municipal services, failing schools , and nonexistent jobs . The looting that took place during these … is still wrestling with the meaning of his life and death. One thing is for sure. Dr. King was a man ahead of his time, …
The Sofia Monument to the Soviet Army painted in the colors of the Ukrainian flag din support of the 2014 Ukrainian Revolution.

World War II in Eastern Europe: Many Lands, Many Memories

… the countries formerly designated as the “ East European communist bloc ” displayed a remarkable solidarity in … lost territories and population, rendering them proponents of revisiting the postwar treaties. There was little … of nationalist politics had crystallized for everyone in Eastern Europe. Responses varied greatly, though …

Las raíces del estado de fallido venezolano

… y Buicks y la clase alta famosamente se lanzaba de compras a Miami donde eran conocidos como los del “dame … en la cola por otros. Igual de comunes son  las aplicaciones digitales ( apps ) que ayudan a los ciudadanos a … erradicada,  ha vuelto a aparecer . Según algunas estimaciones, unos  2,5 millones de personas  han emigrado desde …