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This painting, which dates from 1859, reimagines the toppling of the equestrian statue of George III in New York City. Erected in 1770, the statue featured the regent garbed in Roman military regalia on horseback, in the fashion of Marcus Aurelius. It is doubtful that Native Americans, women and children were in attendance at this episode of iconoclasm by the Sons of Liberty.

Ten Memorable Monument Takedowns in History

… monuments memorializing the heroes of their conquests, working to promote stories about the past that legitimize their … The Reformation Statuary in the Cathedral of Saint Martin in Utrecht. The heads of these saints were … the Ten Commandments’ restriction of idolatry. After Martin Luther initiated what would become the Protestant …

The Year of Africa

… by Harold Macmillan, then Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, during his “Wind of Change” speech on February 3, … on the incomplete process of decolonization, as in famed Martiniquais poet Aimé Césaire’s play A Season in the Congo … Africa and its diaspora. Kwame Nkrumah and Martin Luther King Jr in Ghana. Throughout the 1960s , Civil Rights …
Egyptian Leader Gamal Abdel-Nasser

Egypt Once Again Bans the Muslim Brotherhood, Sixty Years Later

… down. When an assassin fired at him in 1954, Nasser was speaking at Manshiya Square in the Mediterranean city of … struggle with Egypt’s military government, which was seeking to eliminate its political opponents one by one. From … to move against him. Nasser’s speech during the failed assassination attempt was soon broadcast by radio throughout …
Seal of the United States National Archives and Records Administration. The seal is described in 36 C.F.R. § 1200.2 as: The seal is centered on a disc with a double-line border. The words NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION encircle the inside of the seal and the date 1985 is at the bottom center.

Downgrading the Founders

… Well, those great figures of American history are really taking it on the chin this time–and from an unlikely source, … War, and of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony and Martin Luther King, Jr., all supported by NHPRC, are to be found in …
The South Carolina State Capitol.

Trent Lott Should Be History

… senior senator from South Carolina. "Longevity," as Martin Luther King said, "has its place." It is due some respect. Or Lott …
In 2014, the debate about the underlying causes of "long, hot summers" remerged with the high-profile police killings of Michael Brown, Tamir Rice, Eric Garner, and others.

Long Hot Summers and Separate Societies

Review of Separate and Unequal: The Kerner Commission and the Unraveling of American Liberalism, by Steven M. Gillon (New York: Basic Books, 2018)
… housing, education, and welfare as the remedy for riots. Looking back on that report, Stephen Gillon argues in Separate … findings, cities erupted in rage over the murder of Martin Luther King, Jr. The real novelty of Separate and Unequal …
Philippoteaux - Lamartine in front of the Town Hall of Paris rejects the red flag.

The Challenges of 1848 Reprised in the Middle East Today

… of the modern Middle East had forerunners in the kingdoms and empires that ruled in Europe in the … in theory.  In practice, citizens face the problem that Martin Luther King once highlighted in a different context in his …
Ali, left, walking through the streets of Kinshasa in 1974.

The Rumble in the Jungle

… by an as-yet unknown promoter from Cleveland named Don King, a former numbers banker whose only previous fight … exhibition featuring Ali on behalf of a Cleveland hospital. King was charming and charismatic enough to convince each … fighter to sign a fight guarantee for $5 million apiece. King obtained these signatures without having yet obtained …
Nsala of Wala in the Nsongo District

1885: A European Colonial Dream and an African Nightmare

… of the Congo (IAC) was a vehicle for Leopold II, the second king in the young Belgian monarchy, and his entourage to … the Congo Free State (CFS), ruled and owned by the Belgian king.  With ambitions that far outmeasured his small kingdom, he had his sights set on lifting the profile and …
A barricade in central Berlin during the March 1848 uprising.

March 1848: The German Revolutions

… Hesse were not major powers of the Confederation, like the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire. And yet, in … its patchwork arrangement of territories ruled by various kings, princes, and dukes, and a handful of independent … Paris, where in late February 1848 protests erupted against King Louis Philippe, who came to power after the 1830 …
Zog I of Albania in front of the Albania Republic flag.

Albania’s First Republic

… the government and declared himself ruler of a new Kingdom of Albania.  Given the country’s turbulent and … the Premier as his party maintained power. Zog survived an assassination attempt in 1924, but he was severely wounded … 1, 1928, Zog dissolved the republic and declared himself King, creating the Kingdom of Albania.  Zog fashioned …

A New Congo Crisis?

… covering much of central Africa, was the dream of Belgian King Leopold II. In 1885, he established control over a … revenue divisions in the Congo Free State with crosses marking the locations of documented atrocities ( top ). An 1885 … participants, the process was also complicated by the assassination in 2001 of L-D. Kabila by one of his …
An influenza hospital at Camp Funston

The 1918 Flu Pandemic

… eight million Spaniards succumbed to the disease. Even the King of Spain, Alfonso XIII, caught influenza in 1918. King Alfonso XIII of Spain (r. 1886-1931) The standard … an important legacy in the history of medicine. Beyond shocking tolls, the pandemic inspired a surge in biomedical …

America's "Big Brother": A Century of U.S. Domestic Surveillance

… internet.” President Barack Obama condemned Snowden for leaking, claiming there were other, official channels through … list included Jane Fonda, Joan Baez, Benjamin Spock, and Martin Luther King, Jr., among others. In 1969, the NSA formalized …
A portrait of Slobodan Milosevic

Glory and the New World Order

… like crazy men. What could they possibly gain from provoking the United States? In military terms it makes as much sense as poking a 500-pound gorilla with a cocktail stick. The problem … less than everlasting glory. For hundreds of years the kings of Europe sought glory through a combination of …

'The World's Worst Humanitarian Crisis': Understanding the Darfur Conflict

… ethnic and linguistic groups. They include non-Arabic speaking groups such as the Fur, Masalit, Zaghawa, Tunjur, and Daju as well as Arabic-speaking such as Rizaiqat, Missairiyya, Ta`isha, Beni Helba, and … than an ethnic label, for the majority of the Arabic speaking groups are pastoralists. On the other hand, most of the …
Cover of 428 AD: An Ordinary Year at the End of the Roman Empire by Giusto Traina.

The End of the World as They Knew It

Review of 428 AD: An Ordinary Year at the End of the Roman Empire, by Giusto Traina (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. pp. xix, 203. Trans. by Allan Cameron)
… the Persians engineered a coup which deposed the Arsacid king, Artashes IV, which fundamentally altered the … terms for the treatment of Christians within the former kingdom. The Great King of Persia, Bahram V, had outfoxed the Romans; Flavius …
An orientalist nineteenth century Russian view of Samarkand in the time of Timur.

A Castilian in Samarkand, 1404

… named Timur (meaning “iron” in Persian). De Clavijo’s lord, King Henry III of Castile , had dispatched him to learn more … the ambassador whom Timour Beg [Tamerlane] had sent to the king of Castille was with them; and those who saw him, … eager to note the favor that Timur showed to the King of Castile. When he was presented to the …
The Norwegians Land in Iceland 872 by Oscar Wergeland (1877).

Why We Love the Vikings

… There’s no denying that the Vikings and Norse mythology are having a moment.  From History Channel’s  Vikings  to Marvel’s  Thor  films, to Robert Eggers’  The … Gaiman’s  American Gods  and Bernard Cornwell’s The Last Kingdom  novels ,  to other novels like Rick Riordan’s  …