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Government of National Unity in 2009. Left to right: Arthur Mutambara, Robert Mugabe, Morgan Tsvangirai, and Thabo Mbeki.

A Lesson for South Africa? Zimbabwe’s Path to Multi-Party Rule

… the country’s political landscape, as the dominant African National Congress (ANC) failed to secure a majority vote, … was banned, Nkomo regrouped as Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU), a socialist-aligned political party that … one of the founders of the Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) in  1963 when ZAPU …

NATO's New Order: The Alliance After the Cold War

… to some of the conditions of the Cold War that defined international politics between 1945 and 1991. Some have even … that characterized the initial years after the fall of the Soviet Union , it has become more assertive on its borders and less …
Colin Kaepernick and teammates kneeling

The Long View of Sports Protests

… quarterback Colin Kaepernick began kneeling during the National Anthem to raise awareness of the Black Lives Matter … quarterback Colin Kaepernick began kneeling during the national anthem to protest the oppression of black people …
Young Child dressed in a Uncle Sam costume

Coming to America to Contribute

Review of Ellis Island Nation: Immigration Policy and American Identity in the Twentieth Century, by Robert L. Fleegler Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013
… the contributions that various ethnicities, religions, and nationalities brought to the American scene. For others, the … the process of “Americanization”—the erasing of old national identities—became a priority. Politicians and other … US society still discriminated against immigrants based on nationality. This led to the Immigration Act of 1965 which …

What We Talk About When We Talk About Confederate Monuments

… a former journalist and current member of the ultra-nationalist group the Proud Boys, planned a “Unite the … of Durham, NC published heroic profiles of Confederate and Union figures in 1889 to advertise their cigarettes ( left ) … specter of a centralized police state loomed large as the Soviet Union expanded across Europe. The logic behind …
Team photo of a soccer team

The Politics of International Sport

… to tumultuous popular demonstrations. Politics and international sports seem to go hand-in-hand, but why? Join … Sullivan, who was the head of the American Amateur Athletic Union. And some of the American Olympic efforts early in the … So you look at those East German weightlifters and those Soviet swimmers and all that other kind of stuff, and that …
The 3rd Tipperary Brigade of the Old IRA, pictured during the early 1920s.

100 Years of Irish Independence and Division

… these regional differences fostered two distinct senses of national identity. In the north, Ulster Protestants tended … staked their political future on the preservation of the Union. In political terms, they came to describe themselves as Unionists.  In much of the rest of Ireland, Roman …
fire at plant in Bhopal in background people lost in the fire

Remembering Bhopal: The World's Worst Industrial Disaster

… struggles of the survivor, and also as a volunteer for international campaign for justice in Bhopal, about which perhaps … have persisted with their fight to hold a US Corporation, Union, Carbide, and its current owner, Dow Chemical, guilty … Bhopal is and there's a little schematic to show where the Union Carbide factory was, where the gas leak had happened. …
Tommie Smith and John Carlos protesting at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City.

Ten Protests in Sports History

… 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick to kneel for the national anthem during the 2016 season. That gesture, which … accusations of racism levelled by the OSU Black Student Union, campus boycotts, competing rallies for and against … awarded to a Communist nation. During the Cold War, the Soviet Union invested significant material and cultural …
President Joe Biden with other foreign leaders, sitting around a table with others looking on

How does Ideology Drive U.S. Foreign Relations?

… , Professor of History and Wayne Woodrow Hayes Chair in National Security Studies at The Ohio State University.  An … public why, for instance, you know, containment of the Soviet Union in the late 1940s, meant that the US should be …
A Church in Novgorod Russia

Russia and the World

… of interference in foreign elections, the country's international activities suggest that its leadership is on a … interim director of Havighurst Center for Russian and Post-Soviet Studies at Miami University in Ohio.   Stephen … very long history, from the imperial era through the Soviet Union and today's post-Soviet society. What have Russia's …

After Putin? Russia's Presidential Elections

… Minister in charge of implementing so-called "projects of national priority" (such as housing and health) and the … to look at what occurred in the 1990s in the wake of the Soviet collapse and to recall the fact that the past seldom … abroad, whether in formerly Soviet space, the European Union, the U.S., or developing countries. The Presidential …
Auguste Chouteau—Founder of St. Louis and Head of the Chouteau family

Blood Rules the Water: Kinship Diplomacy in Early America

Review of Masters of the Middle Waters: Indian Nations and Colonial Ambitions Along the Mississippi, by Jacob F. Lee (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2019)
… By controlling the riverways, the original paths for international trade in Native America, the Illinois were able to …

Becoming 'European:' The Diverging Paths of the Czech and Slovak Republics

… upon a pedestal draped in the blue and gold European Union (EU) flag, the undulating pendulum reminded observers … integration and prosperity. For the states of the former Soviet bloc in particular, the EU symbolizes full … respective attitudes toward membership in regional and international organizations and in their expectations of what it …
Taiwanese flags on display for National Day, 2018.

The Taiwan Strait Conflict

… and their jostling for representation and recognition internationally. The two states are still technically at war with … regional partner in the emerging global conflict with the Soviet Union, the United States helped introduce Nationalist China …
Celebrations for Jamaican Independence, 2012.

Jamaican Independence

… one triumph in the long history of Black sovereignty and nationalism that led to the disintegration of the British … consciousness also increased at this time due to union organizing and the spread of ideas from travel, … Bustamante founded the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union and one of Jamaica’s two political parties, the …
Soviet and US Flags

Cultural Diplomacy and the Global Cold War

… of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. Her work focuses on nationalism, migration, global history, and Cold War … developed out of the political confrontations between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War Two. And while …
A group of children in Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa

… Kobo , Amy Pate , and Amanda Robinson discuss ethnicity, nationality, and religion in contemporary African societies. … of West African States] which is an economic and political union in West Africa, are actually quite important in the … what was then the OAU and it's now just the AU, the African Union, there seemed to be fairly strong consensus of, among …
The Battle of Culloden by David Morier

Top Ten Origins: Scotland and the United Kingdom

… Scottish independence and Robert’s monarchy.       3. The Union of the Crowns: Two Crowns, One Head     In 1603, … will of Scottish nobles and landowners, paving the way for union with England and the creation of the United Kingdom.   … Referendum     In 2007, the pro-independence Scottish National Party (SNP) formed a minority government in the …