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… April 24, 2015 marks the commemoration of the 100 th anniversary of the Armenian … The result was the physical annihilation of the Armenian communities that had lived in the Anatolian peninsula for … “genocide,” and why coming to terms with mass atrocities is so difficult today. ( Image Source ) …

… going to receive international approval for its quest to become an independent nation. While many inside Kosovo and out … genocide is one of the few, controversial, exceptions. In Europe, the prohibition on secession was codified in the … Service and a doctoral student in history and security studies at Yale. E-mail:  jmankoff@yahoo.com . …

… and Neo-Nazis” who, backed by their NATO allies, were committing “genocide” against Russians.  In justifying the … their struggles to regain independence, also view current European events through the prism of their wartime … and still others by the constrained choices of able-bodied men hoping to survive the horrifically violent Nazi …

… in their own cultures. While we may now wish that saving Europe's Jews had been a high priority during the Second … forces highlighting Jewish suffering would have meant combatting anti-Semitism among their own population. … to "a single camp," and the enforced model of utter obedience meant that all efforts had to be directed against the …

… history of the Cossacks for Ukraine. The freedom they embodied became a potent inspiration for Ukrainian readers. His … was, but we should keep this as it is now.” Learn More: The Complete Kobzar: The Poetry of Taras Shevchenko. Translated … Dead, Living, and Unborn,” The Slavonic and East European Review 89/1 (2011): 29-55. George G. Grabowicz, …

… the story goes. In January 1918, after forty-one months of combat, Allied troops were ready for a ceasefire, but they … Allies. By mid-1918, however, the tally of U.S. troops on European soil swelled to half a million, the British naval … and the failure of the Spring Offensive caused German soldiers’ morale to plummet. The impact was devastating. On …

… Sweden, larger than the three Baltic republics (PDF File) combined, and larger than Austria. It would be the 11 th … nationalism was one of the most recent to appear in Europe. The first Belarusian language newspaper appeared … way of comparison, approximately 1.3 million Americans have died in all wars since 1776). Belarus, the historian Timothy …

… crenellation of the rooftop and its turret exemplify a medieval military fortification. Its image illustrates postcards, coffee mugs and magnets commemorating this relaxed, yet urbane port on the Aegean … of cylindrical drums much like this landmark exists in the European suburbs of Istanbul , Turkey . Heading on a ferry …

… Debates over immigration and refugee policy in the U.S., Europe, and across the world have become fierce and deeply divisive, to say the least, and will … Department of History panelists Theodora Dragostinova, Associate Professor; Maysan Haydar, Lecturer and Robin Judd, …

… attitudes toward the cult of the saints in pre-modern Europe. In this lengthy book, Bartlett explains various … were an obvious denominational marker. “Part Two: Dynamics” comprises the bulk of the book. In chapters five through … churches, towns, and individuals over the course of the medieval period. Two chapters on the imagery and literature …

… French and British Finance in the Service of Tsars and Commissars New book from Ohio State historian Jennifer … foremost international debtor country in pre-World War I Europe. To finance the modernization of industry, the … of World War I." [Book description from the publisher's website ] …

… The Crimea that most people have come to know is a peninsula occupied by Russian forces, … and residents likely spread the famous Black Death to Europe. Partly independent and partly subject to the Ottoman … Crimea to Russia, as the ancient site where, according to medieval Russian documents, Prince Vladimir “the Baptist” …

… On May 12, 1949,  the Soviet Union officially lifted its blockade of  West Berlin … to establishing and expanding their hold over  Eastern Europe , and a Western-backed currency directly opposed that … new runways in both major West Berlin airports just to accommodate the increased traffic from the large, heavy, …

… the debate over what historians have called the failed, incomplete, and even the forgotten revolution has been revived … to other revolutionary regime changes that occurred on the European continent. This was largely due to the Majority … political system in which all power was in the hands of soldiers’ and workers’ councils.” Ebert emerged as Chancellor, …

… the first few decades of the nineteenth century the dead bodies themselves became precious commodities because the dissection of human cadavers for … study had become an essential element of training in Europe's medical schools. This sort of research was legally …

… In 1985, it seemed the Soviet Union would last forever. Its Communist Party rulers held a monopoly on political power. … Gorbachev. Gorbachev also adopted a new approach to Eastern Europe , stating that countries there were entitled to … of Eastern Europe —land won by the blood of Soviet soldiers in World War II —as tantamount to treason. They …

… battles with police, and, crucially, the mutiny of soldiers tasked with quelling the protests. Alarmed, Chairman … To delay is impossible.” The tsar did not reply, instead complaining that “Again that fat-belly Rodzianko has written … the Russian Empire did “everything it could to convince Europe to find a peaceful and bloodless solution.” The …

… were often labeled luxuriant leeches. However, by 1900, the common dog was a faithful companion and beloved family … at this phenomenon’s forefront and replaced birds, the trendiest 18th-century English pet.  Dogs transitioned into … companions. The first was the iconoclastic group of European artists known as the Romantics. English Romantics …

… impenetrable barrier between Western capitalism and Eastern socialism—and, more importantly, between peoples of shared … irrevocably porous. But the events of November 9 did not come from nowhere. The fall of the Berlin Wall—as detailed … of the CSCE’s (Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe) Final Act, which brought the GDR under close …

… August 22, 1485, King Richard III of England (r. 1483-1485) died fighting in the Battle of Bosworth Field. The victor, … More, however, had worked for both Henry VII and his son Henry VIII (r.1509-1547), so it is likely that the … son of York and was also Edward’s brother.  But when Edward died in April of 1483, he left two young sons (both under …