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Judge John G. Roberts, Jr. during a meeting with Senator Patrick Leahy on August 29, 2005

Give Roberts Some Breathing Room

… prejudice, the hearings are likely to expose the growing division within American Catholicism. On one side are … he would most likely recuse himself. It must have been an uncomfortable moment for both Durbin and Roberts, Catholic to … weight to this concern is the fact that Roberts will become the fourth Catholic on this Court — the largest number …
Jiang Zemin

Reframing the Debate on Human Rights in China

… Republic of China and Chinese leader Jiang Zemin's recent visit to New York triggered a new rendition of a familiar … abysmal human rights record. Jiang and other Chinese Communist Party officials countered that Americans are too … It should just encourage us to refrain from condescendingly comparing China to the United States. Here's my alternative: …
Advertisement of an upcoming land sale by the United States Department of the Interior in 1911. The Interior Department published many similar advertisements to encourage white settlers to purchase "excess" reservation lands.

The Dawes Act

… across the United States owned their reservation lands as a community: families could settle, plant their crops, and own … colloquially known as the Dawes Act, upended this system of communal land ownership and, in doing so, struck a historic … sufficiency, and cultural heritage. The act ordered the division of reservations into small parcels—160 acres went …
Muslim depiction of Muhammad - 17th century Ottoman copy from the "Edinburgh codex".

Iraq, Too, Must Separate Church and State

… In 1831, when Gustave de Beaumont and I left France to visit the United States to examine first hand this … strife between Sunnis and Shiites within your great community of Islam weakened the entire civic and social … and Methodists and nonbelievers in their midst, from becoming part of the federal Constitution. They firmly …
Scene in Ukraine

Ukraine, In a Nutshell

Review of The Conflict in Ukraine: What Everyone Needs to Know, by Serhy Yekelchyk (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015).
… Saint (~ 988) to the present, and it would require dozen visits to Ukraine to understand the land and its people. … the reader.   The reviewer’s photos during the peaceful component of the pro-democracy EuroMaidan protests.  … and a populace can simply start history at a time most compatible with their own mythological narrative.  The only …
The Olympic flag flies at half-staff during a memorial service to the slain Israeli athletes, September 6, 1972.

The Munich Olympic Massacre

… met to plan Operation “Ikrit and Biram” under mission commander “Issa,” Arabic for Jesus. Ikrit and Biram were two … nine hostages arrived at the airport. Issa and second-in-command “Tony” hurried to inspect the Boeing but encountered … their global reputation and were seen as unprepared and incompetent. They, in turn, blamed the Israeli government for …
The Mars explorer Curiosity's view back at its own tracks after crossing a sand dune in 2014.

Mariner 9: Opening The Martian Frontier

… in 2003. Mars, the red planet so close to Earth, has become a tantalizing target for humans to visit. Noted space entrepreneur Elon Musk recently released plans to colonize Mars in the coming decades, using a network of space hardware to get …
Immigrant rights march for amnesty in downtown Los Angeles, California on May Day, 2006.

Make Residency, Not Just Working, Legal

… people are in the United States illegally. During the visit of Mexican President Vicente Fox, President George W. … about immigrants for the past thirty years. Of course they come from a long line of immigrant restrictionists. FAIR … letter to the editor, but the restrictionists focus more commonly on the costs to the environment, social services …
Official portrait of President Gerald R. Ford (February 25, 1976).

Will Vindication Elude Ford?

… evening, his well-deserved vindication will probably never come. Thrust into a difficult situation — one he handled … Nixon would not be prosecuted for any crimes he might have committed. Forever afterward, Ford was dogged by charges … for Ford’s reputation to rebound. The rebound has never come. Invariably, in every poll and book and study, he is …
The Lorraine Motel

Putting Race on Display: The National Civil Rights Museum

… Leticia Wiggins   This is your host Leticia Wiggins and welcome to History Talk , the history podcast for everyone … host. In late spring of 2014, the finishing touches were completed on the redesign of the National Civil Rights … mission statement for the museum might be. And then they recommended me to contact the team that won the contract, …
Six founders of the Algerian FLN: Rabah Bitat, Mostefa Ben Boulaïd, Didouche Mourad, Mohammed Boudiaf, Krim Belkacem and Larbi Ben M'Hidi, 1954

The Evian Accords: An Uncertain Peace

… Emmanuel Macron provoked controversy in France during a visit to Algeria. There, he pronounced French colonialism to … That paper, simply entitled “Declarations Drawn up in Common Agreement,” was signed in a town on the French side … anticolonial war for Algerian independence that has since become immortalized in popular imagination by such cinematic …
Sailors in formation at the Center for Information Warfare Training, Naval Air Station Pensacola Corry Station, 2019.

Will Women Join the Ranks of Esteemed Veterans?

… I say that? Because the outcry that many expected over the combat deaths of American women in Iraq has not taken place. … up to the Civil War saw military service as the ultimate outcome of the women’s rights movement — and as the ultimate … a sexual ambiguity and aggressiveness that seemed incompatible with traditional gender roles. As the debates …
Logo for "Canada 150".

Canada 150: Coming Home

… leaders from Métis artist Christi Belcourt to Anishinaabe comedian Ryan McMahon have pointed out that the past 150 … built on the theft of indigenous lands. Canadian rule has visited the violence of the residential schools, a sustained … nations. Front and back of the Indian Chiefs Medal, commemorating Treaties 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Canada’s inability …
1960s hippies dancing at a festival.

The Soundtrack of the Summer of Love

… of psychedelic exploration . The Summer of Love marked the coming out party for the counter-culture we now associate … later, as well as the music festivals we see today. In comparison to today’s bloated ticket prices, admission for … offer advice. The Beatles didn’t play there but they recommended the Who and Jimi Hendrix. Jefferson Airplane and …

The Secular Roots of a Religious Divide in Contemporary Iraq

… some political pundits conclude, negotiations cannot overcome divine principles dictating distinct worldviews that … twelve years as a mandate. The British reified sectarian divisions fostered by 19 th -century Ottoman policies, … 10,000 Iraqis lay dead. Most importantly for the sectarian divisions in Iraq, the British blamed primarily Shi'i …
Print depicting the USS Olympia firing on the Spanish fleet during the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898.

Top Ten Origins: Puerto Rico and the United States

… 2018, President Donald Trump made a set of disparaging comments about Puerto Rico. They underscored just how little … Obama became the first sitting United States president to visit Puerto Rico since President Kennedy’s trip in 1961. … months out from the 2012 election, many questioned if the visit was a political move for a second term, reaching not …
fire at plant in Bhopal in background people lost in the fire

Remembering Bhopal: The World's Worst Industrial Disaster

… This presentation commemorates the 40th anniversary of the Bhopal Gas Disaster … Nicholas Breyfogle: Hello and welcome to Remembering Bhopal: The World's Worst Industrial … in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. They were visiting the U.S. two of them were survivors of the Bhopal …
An AIDS testing site in Moscow, 1987.

The Blame Game: The USSR’s Response to HIV/AIDS

… for the virus and denied the possibility of extensive community spread among the Soviet population—offers a … Moscow, 1987. The number of infected was initially low in comparison to the USA, where the virus was spreading more … Soviet Union. The Ministry of Health, the USSR’s all-encompassing health and wellness institution, also stated that …
Cover of The Baron's Cloak by William Sunderland.

An Imperial Person

Review of The Baron’s Cloak: A History of the Russian Empire in War and Revolution, by Willard Sunderland (Cornell University Press, 2014).
… year, Russia’s legacy as an imperial power has suddenly become the stuff of current affairs. As Russian leaders assert … war. With eloquence and wit, The Baron’s Cloak brings a complex historical epoch to life and provides a highly … officer who led a polyglot army (his so-called “Asiatic Division”) against Bolshevik (Communist) forces in Mongolia …
An image of Kuwait’s oil fields after they were set ablaze by retreating Iraqi soldiers during the First Gulf War

Oil Empires and Petro-Anarchies

Review of Empires and Anarchies: A History of Oil in the Middle East, by Michael Quentin Morton (London: Reaktion Books, 2017)
… had obtained independence. Morton tracks major individuals, companies, and governments taking part in the search for commercially viable oil sources as well as the negotiation … of oil concessions between local powers and major oil companies (oil majors) such as Anglo-Iranian (later BP), …
Portrait of Thomas Paine from 1792.

Paine’s Counsel for a New Time that Tries Men’s Souls

… huge bestsellers. We celebrate the Founders’ audacity and commitment, marvel at their battlefield heroics, literary … material inequalities to intensify, our social and cultural divisions to widen, our industrial and commercial foundations to weaken, our national and local …
Cover of A History of Iran Empire of the Mind by Michael Axworthy.

Iran for Beginners

Review of A History of Iran: Empire of the Mind, by Michael Axworthy (New York. Basic Books. 2008)
… its weather, and the origin of the word "Persian," which comes from Fars province in southwestern Iran, home to … exceptionalism. For the reader who is not familiar with the division between Sunni and Shia Islam, Axworthy points out similarities between Islamic and Christian sectarian divisions, such as the resemblances between the Ashura …