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… related to Persian. In the largely mountainous region that comprises their homeland, over the centuries Kurds practiced … pastures and forging symbiotic relationships with settled communities. Others lived in cities and contributed to local … Muslim resentment against Christian groups, whom Ottoman officials believed were interested in pursuing separatist …

… ceasefires in 1949 and 1956, they failed to resolve the complex underlying Arab-Israeli controversies over … the Israelis to take offensive action. Memoirs by Israeli officials and snippets of archival evidence make it … that officials in the multi-layered U.S. government communicated a range of messages including some statements …

… already been showing up in recent history. Millennials have come of age hearing they are the first generation in … Breadline in San Francisco, California 1933 (right). Adams’ compelling phrase summarized his portrait of America. He … and enslaved African Americans lived with the cruelest opposite of the American Dream. Their abilities brought sneers …

… Dr. Nicholas Breyfogle   Hello, and welcome to Cultural Diplomacy and the Global Cold War, brought … type of propaganda. In the East and West alike, the goal of official cultural programs was to, quote, "pour ideas and … So you see how often these cultural events became actually sites of tension, in which the official representatives of …

… denied public office because of his faith, that no public official should request or accept “instructions on public … the public acts of its officials.”   Kennedy affirmed his commitment to an America that is “officially neither … ‘Almighty God’” and proclaimed that “the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand …

… Vladimir Putin has gone to extraordinary lengths to commemorate the Second World War. Even though the war ended … Dr. Nicholas Breyfogle  Hello, and welcome to World War II Memory in Putin's Russia, brought to … people were immersed in World War II memorialization and official narratives about the war. You can see this perhaps …

… forces, however, the South Korean military repelled the Communist attack and eventually pushed them north of the … A peace treaty was never signed; the Korean War has never officially ended. Despite its relative brevity, the … and other civilians on state-funded trips to this site. Complete with wax figurines of long-nosed, beast-like …

… gains, opposition to gay rights, exemplified by government officials like Kim Davis, remind us that considerable … licenses to gay couples represents an example of the often complex relationship between government officials and … books about the Bureau, Charles seeks to write the first comprehensive history of the FBI’s policies and actions …

… administration and the North Korean regime and an errant incoming missile alert in Hawaii have focused America’s … in 1962 ( right ). In January 1952, federal civil defense officials introduced American schoolchildren to Bert the … Now anyone on earth, even thousands of miles from the site of a blast, could be killed or injured by nuclear …

… out of political motives, high Bush administration officials exposed the name of a CIA agent to columnist … Office shenanigans. Presidents and their underlings have committed numerous immoral, illegal or dodgy acts. They’ve … stocks for supporting federal land giveaways to railroad companies in 1873. Warren G. Harding’s secretary of the …

… 1896, participants from 14 countries converged on Athens to compete in a festival that was simultaneously ancient and … snaked its way through the city’s streets. Cover of the official report of the 1896 Athens Summer Olympics, often … archaeological excavations revealing the Games’ original site at Olympia on Greece’s west coast only strengthened …

… year. What's the news in this? It's the cause cited by city officials — not lack of funds, of parade participants or of … Cemetery were not even permitted to visit the grave sites of their relatives after the Civil War.   President … the national holiday from its pedestal. Memorial Day commemorates the men and women killed on the battlefield or …

… employed them in operations to deliver weapons to various combatants in Africa. By his own admission, he had flown … was found guilty of conspiracy to kill Americans and U.S. officials by delivering anti-aircraft missiles and aiding a … a long line of efforts on the part of the international community to control and restrict the arms trade. In one …

… measles, typhus, and influenza decimated Indigenous communities in the Americas is a commonly held one. Like so much of our popular conceptions … Aztec victims of a sixteenth-century epidemic. This image accompanies the quoted text, taken from Nahua historians and …

… On its “Milestones in UN History” website, the United Nations features smallpox eradication, … a stunning achievement and that description of how it was accomplished feels especially poignant today when faith in … there was now another possible option. In 1896, Cape Colony officials asked Robert Koch to come from Berlin to create a …

… In the face of disasters we have come to expect that our governments will respond. … erected statues of him. Tiberius then struck and circulated coins celebrating his rebuilding efforts, the ancient … "Fire in Rome," showing the events of 64 CE. After local officials were unable to control the blaze Nero coordinated …

… model. These multilateral bodies allowed Washington officials to portray self-interested policies as altruistic during the ideological competition of the Cold War. But these institutions and … loss of control frustrated Washington officials, who complained about the UN and WHO even as they generously …

… In June 2011, the non-governmental organization Global Commission on Drug Policy published a report detailing the … cocaine, as well as opium and marijuana, because government officials came to believe that cocaine was a threat to … more easily moved from Atlantic to Pacific, where it transited Nicaragua and entered Mexican ports. Although the …

… a rogue nation exporting terrorism, the nation’s senior officials risk making serious policy mistakes today. The … kingdom were convinced that the United States had become a base for terrorists. No one then actually used the … the U.S. government tolerated filibustering, just the opposite was true. It was hardly in the national interest to …

…   1. What is ISIS? Official ISIS flag ISIS, or the Islamic State of Iraq and … . The surge of U.S. forces to Iraq in 2007-2008 and the accompanying counterinsurgency strategy along with a Sunni … ungoverned spaces that ISIS has used to regenerate its combat power with an infusion of new recruits, financing, …

… rebellion and the response of law enforcement and political officials offers important lessons for how to understand and … evidence of the LAPD’s excessive use of force and confirmed complaints of police brutality made by black and Latino … African American mayor in 1973, formed the Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department on April 1, …

… this year. New York, Pennsylvania and California city officials cut back on observances of the holiday, citing …   November 11 was originally known as Armistice Day to commemorate the 11th day at the 11th hour of the 11th month … returned Veterans Day to November 11.   But now many communities want to de-emphasize Veterans Day. This is no …

… and Neo-Nazis” who, backed by their NATO allies, were committing “genocide” against Russians.  In justifying the … and victims of the Second World War garnered increasing official support from Communist leaders. Both modest and … destruction.  No monument was built at Babyn Yar , the site of the mass murder of tens of thousands of the Jews of …

… by encouraging cleanliness in urban spaces, as Ottoman officials began embracing new understandings about the … ecology and disease. Indeed, this earlier experience with combating plague served the Ottomans well as they entered … Eighteenth-Century Cairo: In Search of Burial and Memorial Sites,” in Plague and Contagion in the Islamic Mediterranean …