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The Champs Elysees crowded with French patriots after the liberation of Paris in 1944.

We Didn’t Go It Alone in 1944

… will honor the thousands of American and other Allied soldiers who gave their lives there in 1944. As Americans … policies now causing so much trouble in Iraq. When it comes to remembering World War II, Americans should be more … widespread appreciation for the sacrifices of American soldiers. Even today, you can ride the Paris subway from Metro …
The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) was one of the bloodiest in history: 8 million people lost their lives in Europe's deadliest religious conflict.

Secularism, Past and Future

Review of Secularism: Politics, Religion, and Freedom, by Andrew Copson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017)
… French scholar Jean Bauberot. Bauberot sees three essential components to a secular society: 1) the separation of … far fewer of them in 18th century America) – but Copson points out that through the tumult of French politics in the 19th century, the French commitment to what they call laïcité remained. By the Third …
Lydia Walker

Postwar Decolonization and its Discontents

… is available Open Access for free download on the Cambridge website .  The Moderator of this event is Nicholas … Nicholas Breyfogle: Hello and welcome to "Postwar Decolonization and Its Discontents." … at the Russian Center for International Security Studies. She is the author of States in Waiting from Cambridge …
Lawrence Halprin

Lawrence Halprin and Two Modern Spaces

… outside of Haifa, then Palestine , working on a kibbutz (a communal farm). When Halprin returned to the U.S. he trained … drugs at one end of the fountain, walk to the other end and die. This was not the “interactivity” Halprin had in mind. … it was her “favorite spot on the National Mall.” Before he died in 2009, Halprin explained that he “made [the memorial] …

Are Women People? The Equal Rights Amendment Then and Now

… victory signals that the ERA has a renewed chance to become the 28 th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. To be … conditions, and physical tasks too arduous for pregnant bodies. In the years leading up to the introduction of the … are disabled, ill, or unable to find work. Recent studies indicate that women shoulder a larger share of the work …
General Idi Amin in August, 1973.

Idi Amin's Coup d’État, Uganda 1971

… When Idi Amin, commander of the Ugandan Army, seized power in Uganda on 25 … seizure of power by a supposedly apolitical professional soldier. However, neither patriotism nor altruism motivated … appallingly clear. He carried out bloody purges of soldiers from rival ethnic groups, while his brutal security …

Savage Gladiators vs. Civilized Amateurs: Rome and Athens in American Sports Culture

… In fact, as surprising as it may be to sports watchers and commentators, how Americans talk about sports today is a … their home city-states. Specialized, intensive training and diet were also essential in order to win large or … major injuries.” Here Robertson identifies the most common points of similarity between gladiators and …
Cover of Health, Healing and Illness in African History by Rebekah Lee.

Africa's Medical History Revealed

Review of Health, Healing and Illness in African History, by Rebekah Lee (London: Bloomsbury Academic Press, 2021)
… of actors, including African patients themselves, families, communities, traditional healers, healthcare workers, and … part of the book examines a set of four disease case studies: HIV/AIDS, mental illness, tropical diseases and … illnesses have largely been ignored by historians. As Lee points out, “—apart from a handful of fairly recent …

Pandemics: Today and Yesterday

… in biomedicine in recent years. Three of our “deadly companions.” Poliovirus ( left ), Influenza ( center ), and … the leader Pericles. Pericles, an Athenian statesman who died during the Plague of Athens in 429 BCE. The results … of religion or law,” according to Thucydides, and the bodies of victims were often buried in mass graves. In the …

The Second Amendment Goes to Court

… of future discussions of gun control for decades to come. It might even have an impact on the dynamics of the … view. The NRA even endowed a chair in Second Amendment studies at George Mason Law School with the express purpose of … the Albany Government Law Journal , historian David Konig points out that this quote had nothing to do with firearms. …
An abandoned building in Chernobyl

A Postcard from Chernobyl

… cloud was detected over Sweden did the full extent become known to the authorities in the Soviet Union’s capital … for “nature”: humans or radioactivity? Some scientific studies indicate an abundance of wild life, especially large … zone on an official tour. We were stopped at check points at the entries to the 30 km outer and 10 km inner …
"The National Game. Three Outs and One Run." Drawing depicting the four candidates of the 1860 United States presidential election (L to R): John Bell, Stephen Douglas, John C. Breckinridge, and Abraham Lincoln. The artist is comparing the election to a baseball game.

The Election of 1860 and Secession — to Preserve Slavery

… initiated." That evening, in a foreshadowing of events to come, fireworks lit the sky above Fort Sumter. Who could … slavery, or that slavery was not the root cause of the bloodiest conflict in our history.   And Masoff has company in … hanging on the wall of his office.   As the nation readies itself for anniversary ceremonies marking the war …
Escobar: Paradise Lost, directed by Andrea Di Stefano

2/6/2015: At the Movies: Escobar

… Nick and Maria decided they must flee from Escobar’s soldiers. Entrance to Hacienda Napoles, the main Escobar compound, with a gate adorned with Escobar's first smuggling … in other parts of the Americas. And as Robin Kirk points out in the book More Terrible than Death: Massacres, …
Bust of Abraham Lincoln.

Getting Wrong with Lincoln

… our more prominent pundits have actually repeated, and thus compounded, the movie star’s error. The bogus quotation … he hears one — and Beatty must have understood that his audience would respond better with an appeal to Lincoln’s … along to infect yet another generation. Admittedly, nobody dies from a bad quotation, but without question the …

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Ghosts of Ned Ludd

… in eighteenth-century Britain. Electrification and telecommunications , led by nineteenth-century American … with technology—“ You’re still on mute! ” At worst, it points to stubborn, unthinking opposition to change and … (1803-1815) prompted Parliament to divert thousands of soldiers in a heavy-handed crackdown on Luddite rebellion. …
A COVID-19 anti-lockdown protestor in Vancouver, Canada, May 2020

Going Viral: COVID Conspiracies in Historical Perspective

… As national governments and the global scientific community struggle to contain the spread of the coronavirus … of political and scientific elites and institutional bodies—among them Bill Gates, Anthony Fauci, CDC director … was bound to be something wrong when the boys begun to die by the hundreds.” Governmental vaccination …
Official Portrait of President Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan

“The Reagans”: The Spirit of Censorship Lives

… series was more appropriate for a small, paying Showtime audience than a network broadcast. Reagan supporters also … history. Ed Gillespie, chairman of the Republican National Committee, complained that the CBS script contains language … all docudramas have offered hard-hitting, opinionated viewpoints. Most film and television dramas that have excited …
Image of a junior high school classroom from Harris & Ewing Photographs.

An Historic Opportunity in Education

… enact this substantial change to Title I. This 35-year-old compensatory education legislation has failed to reach its … that would improve public schools. Rep. Caleb R. Layton’s comments during a debate in 1922 on a proposal to combat … and the editor of the Federal Education Policy History website. He is the author of "Failing Grades: The Federal …
Nationalist police forces in Barcelona preventing voting in the October 1, 2017 referendum.

Top Ten Origins: Catalonia (Catalunya) and Spain

… ten historical moments help us understand the long and complicated relationships Catalunya has had with Spain as … to Spanish and French, known as Catalan. 2. Catalunya: A Medieval Borderland Miniature of Charlemagne and four Muslim … of the Franks, evolved one of the earliest parliamentary bodies in Europe, the corts of Catalunya, which wielded a …
Pancho Villa and followers.

Mexico’s Great Transition

… taking power.  What ought to be changes of government become changes of regime. Putsches and revolutions substitute … republic. As a result, no doubt the day will soon come when parties in Mexico, like those in the United … happens, opposition politics in Mexico will then have become, as in the United States, a normal part of …
The Dalai Lama during a visit to Boston, Massachusetts in 2017.

An Effective American Policy on Tibet?

… Tibet. They demand that President Clinton act forcefully to compel China to change its policies toward Tibet. This … done. Clinton will seem like an activist president without committing himself to very much. And the Tibetans? In … religion and would just as soon wait for the Dalai Lama to die. Meanwhile, its members encourage the migration of …
Mural in Guernica based on the Picasso painting. 

Guernica and the Horrors of Modern War

… Guernica was not the first strategically insignificant, non-combatant town ever to be targeted for aerial bombardment, … in collaboration with the Spanish Nationalists under the command of General Francisco Franco , left little doubt that … that the black and white palette of the Guernica mural points to the fact that Picasso, living at the time outside …
A Hawaiian man employing the spearfishing techniques described by Fagan, circa 1890.

Built Upon Bounty

Review of Fishing: How the Sea Fed Civilization, by Brian Fagan (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017)
… Some of the earliest evidence of Homo sapien s fishing comes from Central Africa where catfish were captured using … enabled extensive chemical analyses of fish bones. These studies reveal not only what fish species people were … limited written records do exist, such as in the case of medieval Europe, evidence from isotope analysis of bones adds …