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Bird's-eye-view of the 1993 border blockade enacted by CBP Border Patrol agents in El Paso, Texas as part of Operation Hold the Line.

Fortifying the U.S.-Mexico Boundary: The 1993 “Hold the Line” Experiment

… In his  2024 State of the Union Address , President Joe Biden championed  a bipartisan … Shelby Park in Eagle Pass, Texas, deploying the Texas National Guard to apprehend migrants while restricting the … “illegals” to describe immigrants during the State of the Union Address, they should avoid depicting the region solely …
Cover of Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China by Ezra F. Vogel.

The Man Who Re-Invented China

Review of Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China, by Ezra F. Vogel (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011)
… with the collapse of socialism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, made the future of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) … Vogel presents a Deng best described by three adjectives: nationalistic, pragmatic, and authoritarian. The China of …
Signal Soldiers train to protect against Nuclear Biological and Chemical threats.

The Nuclear Theft From the Poor and Hungry

… uses of atomic energy and led to the creation of the International Atomic Energy Agency in 1957.   In 1991 the United … Threat Reduction program with Russia as the former Soviet Union disintegrated. The plan is also called the Nunn-Lugar …
A memorial to Holocaust victims in front of a Jewish cemetery.

A Postcard from Berlin: Confronting a Troubled Past

… brass plaques that provide minor details about victims of National Socialism are scattered around Berlin and are … the two world superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, was centered in Berlin. The country was famously …
Statue of Peter the Great in Moscow

The Past and Future of Russian-American Relations

… Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russian-American relations, if not close, … and ideologies needed to compete in European international politics. In the usual course of events, the …
Taliban fighters patrol the streets of Kabul in August, 2021.

Who are the Taliban?

… Who are the Taliban? The question has confounded international society for more than a quarter century. Their … forged during a pivotal moment of Afghan history, the anti-Soviet jihad . A leftist coup in April 1978, known as the … When PDPA revolutionaries appeared to falter, the Soviet Union invaded in December 1979 to support them. However, the …
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. at the Civil Rights March on Washington in 1963.

Spring Marches on Washington

… clues to understanding us. In the first, on April 16, labor unions and environmentalists marched on Washington to protest the policies of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Environmentalists … In the spring of 1894, Jacob S. Coxey tried to arouse the national government to act against unemployment in the midst …
Eight women in US politics

Women in American Politics

… us off here?   Dr. Susan Hartmann  It really didn't change national politics until about a half century later. For one … as a citizen in our country, I think, was a big kind of national shift. I’m currently working on a biography of the … indication of women's growing clout or potential clout in national politics.   Dr. Susan Hartmann  But they didn't …
Book cover of To Break Russia's Chains by Vladimir Alexandrov

Terrorism as the Path to a Better Russia

Review of To Break Russia’s Chains: Boris Savinkov and His Wars Against the Tsar and the Bolsheviks by Vladimir Alexandrov (New York: Pegasus Books, 2021)
… allies and anti-Bolshevik forces in a series of schemes. Soviet secret agents lured him back in 1924, where he was … from the early 20th century. Boris Savinkov on trial in the Soviet Union, 1924. Vladimir Alexandrov, Emeritus Professor of …
Portrait of Thomas Paine from 1792.

Paine’s Counsel for a New Time that Tries Men’s Souls

… our industrial and commercial foundations to weaken, our national and local infrastructures to decay and our capacities to prepare for and respond to threats to our national security and freedom to decline. When Americans … a country in which “We the People . . . form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, …
The Brazilian flag and a soccer ball

Brazil’s Soccer Mania: An Example for the World

… Cup in soccer was their fifth, well ahead of any other national team. In view of the tremendous competition … forms of political expression were illegal. In those days, national leaders promoted soccer as a healthy diversion for … and Euro-Brazilians — all rally around the banner of the national team. The shared obsession with soccer helps to …

From Karl Marx to Karl Rove: “Class Warfare” in American Politics

… of "warrior for the middle class." In his 2012 State of the Union address, he said income inequality is "the defining … in 1910, Roosevelt outlined the main ideas of his "New Nationalism," on which he would run again for president—this … reported from Europe—manifested most ominously in the Soviet Union but found throughout the European …

Ideology or Ethnicity? The Israeli Political Crisis

… territorial concessions and recognition of Palestinian national claims to the land. A 1947 map illustrates the … the Zionist movement arose in Europe. The most influential nationalist movement of the Jewish people, Zionism based its … Zionist delegation in Jerusalem, 1900. Aspiring to create a national home for the Jews in their ancestral homeland, …
Nationalist police forces in Barcelona preventing voting in the October 1, 2017 referendum.

Top Ten Origins: Catalonia (Catalunya) and Spain

… Catalunya has had with Spain as well as with the international community. 1. The Nineteen Autonomous Regions of … inheriting their fathers’ kingdoms upon their deaths. This union of the crowns brought Catalunya into a loose … and its autonomous regions became members of the European Union (EU), which granted them the benefits of their …
Photograph of Augusto César Sandino, taken between 1927 and 1934

The Sandino Manifesto and the Birth of the Nicaraguan Revolution

… Segovia region that borders Honduras, was a stirring nationalist document. In it, he rejected the loss of … “Yankee” imperialism. Sandino’s plan was also firmly internationalist in its scope and effect, for his actions in … rebels would ultimately fail in their goal of achieving nationally-recognized autonomous rule within Segovia, their …

Pirates of Puntland, Somalia

… Tactically, they are very good." Cyrus Mody of the International Maritime Bureau characterized the event as … Philippines. In the fall of 2008, the U.N., the European Union, the African Union, and the Arab League gathered to … over the Ogaden and shifting alliances, first with the Soviet Union, then with the United States, undermined …

South Africa: Twenty-Five Years Since Apartheid

… Mandela had been freed from prison, the ban on the African National Congress (ANC) had been lifted, and negotiations … of black South Africans in South African cities, the National Party (Afrikaner ethnic nationalists) became the majority party. This year marks the …
The University of Algiers, ca. 1920.

The University of Algiers Library Bombing

… These measures led many Europeans in Algeria and French nationals to view Algeria as not just a colony of France, … oppression, on November 1, 1954, a group of Algerian nationalists organized as the National Liberation Front (Front de Libération Nationale, …