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Cover of Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China by Ezra F. Vogel.

The Man Who Re-Invented China

Review of Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China, by Ezra F. Vogel (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011)
… with the collapse of socialism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, made the future of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) … Vogel presents a Deng best described by three adjectives: nationalistic, pragmatic, and authoritarian. The China of …
Signal Soldiers train to protect against Nuclear Biological and Chemical threats.

The Nuclear Theft From the Poor and Hungry

… uses of atomic energy and led to the creation of the International Atomic Energy Agency in 1957.   In 1991 the United … Threat Reduction program with Russia as the former Soviet Union disintegrated. The plan is also called the Nunn-Lugar …
A memorial to Holocaust victims in front of a Jewish cemetery.

A Postcard from Berlin: Confronting a Troubled Past

… brass plaques that provide minor details about victims of National Socialism are scattered around Berlin and are … the two world superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, was centered in Berlin. The country was famously …
Statue of Peter the Great in Moscow

The Past and Future of Russian-American Relations

… Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russian-American relations, if not close, … and ideologies needed to compete in European international politics. In the usual course of events, the …

Madame President: A History of the Women Who Ran before Hillary

… president, three of whom garnered support at a major party national convention. Five were nominated as third-party … should be allowed to volunteer to serve on noncombat international missions. Known for always wearing a red rose on … and vice presidential candidates of 1972. Before entering national politics, Chisholm had served in the New York State …
President George W. Bush addressing Congress in 2001 with Vice President Dick Cheney and House Speaker Dennis Hastert standing behind him.

Wartime Powers: Lincoln’s Restraint, Bush’s Excess

… during wartime has an obligation to place national security above Fourth Amendment safeguards that … was constitutionally obligated to protect and preserve the union. To prevent Washington from being encircled by … he insists, included his secret authorization of the National Security Agency to spy on hundreds, perhaps …
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. at the Civil Rights March on Washington in 1963.

Spring Marches on Washington

… clues to understanding us. In the first, on April 16, labor unions and environmentalists marched on Washington to protest the policies of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Environmentalists … In the spring of 1894, Jacob S. Coxey tried to arouse the national government to act against unemployment in the midst …
Eight women in US politics

Women in American Politics

… us off here?   Dr. Susan Hartmann  It really didn't change national politics until about a half century later. For one … as a citizen in our country, I think, was a big kind of national shift. I’m currently working on a biography of the … indication of women's growing clout or potential clout in national politics.   Dr. Susan Hartmann  But they didn't …
Book cover of To Break Russia's Chains by Vladimir Alexandrov

Terrorism as the Path to a Better Russia

Review of To Break Russia’s Chains: Boris Savinkov and His Wars Against the Tsar and the Bolsheviks by Vladimir Alexandrov (New York: Pegasus Books, 2021)
… allies and anti-Bolshevik forces in a series of schemes. Soviet secret agents lured him back in 1924, where he was … from the early 20th century. Boris Savinkov on trial in the Soviet Union, 1924. Vladimir Alexandrov, Emeritus Professor of …
Portrait of Thomas Paine from 1792.

Paine’s Counsel for a New Time that Tries Men’s Souls

… our industrial and commercial foundations to weaken, our national and local infrastructures to decay and our capacities to prepare for and respond to threats to our national security and freedom to decline. When Americans … a country in which “We the People . . . form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, …
The Brazilian flag and a soccer ball

Brazil’s Soccer Mania: An Example for the World

… Cup in soccer was their fifth, well ahead of any other national team. In view of the tremendous competition … forms of political expression were illegal. In those days, national leaders promoted soccer as a healthy diversion for … and Euro-Brazilians — all rally around the banner of the national team. The shared obsession with soccer helps to …

From Karl Marx to Karl Rove: “Class Warfare” in American Politics

… of "warrior for the middle class." In his 2012 State of the Union address, he said income inequality is "the defining … in 1910, Roosevelt outlined the main ideas of his "New Nationalism," on which he would run again for president—this … reported from Europe—manifested most ominously in the Soviet Union but found throughout the European …

Ideology or Ethnicity? The Israeli Political Crisis

… territorial concessions and recognition of Palestinian national claims to the land. A 1947 map illustrates the … the Zionist movement arose in Europe. The most influential nationalist movement of the Jewish people, Zionism based its … Zionist delegation in Jerusalem, 1900. Aspiring to create a national home for the Jews in their ancestral homeland, …
This photo shows Humanitarian Daily Rations (HDR), which was transported from bases in the U.S. and air dropped to regions of Afghanistan where the displaced people are at risk of starvation.

Democracy’s Vital Ingredient — Food

… would be wise to heed Marshall's warning and rally the international community to increase food aid to the Afghan … strategic interest during the Cold War struggle against the Soviet Union. Today, Afghanistan is the center of the global …
Nationalist police forces in Barcelona preventing voting in the October 1, 2017 referendum.

Top Ten Origins: Catalonia (Catalunya) and Spain

… Catalunya has had with Spain as well as with the international community. 1. The Nineteen Autonomous Regions of … inheriting their fathers’ kingdoms upon their deaths. This union of the crowns brought Catalunya into a loose … and its autonomous regions became members of the European Union (EU), which granted them the benefits of their …

Pirates of Puntland, Somalia

… Tactically, they are very good." Cyrus Mody of the International Maritime Bureau characterized the event as … Philippines. In the fall of 2008, the U.N., the European Union, the African Union, and the Arab League gathered to … over the Ogaden and shifting alliances, first with the Soviet Union, then with the United States, undermined …

South Africa: Twenty-Five Years Since Apartheid

… Mandela had been freed from prison, the ban on the African National Congress (ANC) had been lifted, and negotiations … of black South Africans in South African cities, the National Party (Afrikaner ethnic nationalists) became the majority party. This year marks the …
The University of Algiers, ca. 1920.

The University of Algiers Library Bombing

… These measures led many Europeans in Algeria and French nationals to view Algeria as not just a colony of France, … oppression, on November 1, 1954, a group of Algerian nationalists organized as the National Liberation Front (Front de Libération Nationale, …
The supreme court of Massachusetts sits at the John Adams Courthouse in Boston.

Gay-Marriage Decision: Just the Beginning of the Debate

… marriages there. The decision has already heightened the national debate concerning same-sex marriages. And if at … 1997 federal Defense of Marriage Act defines marriage as a union between a woman and a man. Recent polls indicate that … Already, both proponents and opponents of same-sex unions are digging in, using the same kinds of contentions …