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Indian troops in Burma, 1944.

A Forgotten Theater of War

Review of India’s War: World War II and the Making of Modern South Asia, by Srinath Raghavan New York, NY: Basic Books, 2016
… 1939 to over two million in 1945 (64). This process was accompanied by considerable growing pains. Indian troops … it could be made to produce wartime goods without unduly competing with Britain (89). Early in the war, India’s … the Raj elected to print money during the war to pay what it couldn’t cover in taxes, leading to spiraling …

Fear and Loathing Around the World: The Rise of the New Populism

… the White House Correspondents’ Dinner, delivering sharp comic material about his recently released long-form birth … Wallace and Maddox, appeals to racial resentment remained a component of conservative politics, but they grew … parameters for mainstream politics, with subsequent leaders paying rhetorical homage and participating in elaborate …

Building a New Silk Road? Central Asia in the New World Order

… collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Central Asia has become an increasingly important pivot in international … entered into the sphere of influence of Russia, which had become the main power in the region. The focus of Russian … and poverty-stricken, it has never been so urgent that we pay greater attention to these poorly understood places. …
Jackie Robinson

Living Up to Jackie Robinson

… jeopardize the process of integration. He was, by nature, a combative individual, so he had to struggle to restrain … "Then I could walk away from baseball and never become a star. But my son could tell his son what his daddy … float from team to team, hanging on for one more big paycheck or to pad their statistical totals. Or worse, there …

South Africa: Twenty-Five Years Since Apartheid

… been lifted, and negotiations for a new constitution had commenced. While political violence between the ANC and … prospect of spending proportionally more of its budget to pay down its debt. Corruption Critics of the ANC government … president seems unlikely, and South Africa continues to grapple with them today. The public standing vigil outside …
Mather Brown's portrait of Thomas Jefferson.

Joe McCarthy Rides Again

… and now rests in Sen. Joe Lieberman's Homeland Security Committee. Swift Senate passage appears certain. Not since … guaranteed rights. The late historian Henry Steele Commager, denouncing President John Adams' suppression of … Texas minutemen claim that it targets the "patriot community," which probably means private militias. RIOT USA …

Population Bomb? The Debate over Indian Population

… the early nineteenth century, when the British East India Company controlled an increasing swath of territory across the subcontinent, Company officials pronounced that large and expanding … to the new program, state health officials offered cash payments to men and women who accepted forms of long-term …
Pieter Bruegel the Elder's 1562 painting "The Triumph of Death" depicts the turmoil Europe experienced as a result of the plague.

The Black Death and its Aftermath

… came into Mediterranean ports by ship. But, it is also becoming clear that small pools of plague had been established … in Europe for centuries, apparently in wild rodent communities in the high passes of the Alps. The remains of … and rapidly, as masters and landlords were willing to pay more for increasingly scarce labor. The famous French …

Two Popes and a Primate: The Changing Face of Global Christianity

… of 2013. Thanks to the explosion of electronic forms of communication, even since the election of Benedict in 2005, … the traditionally regal manner of Benedict. The dizzying combination of medieval ritual and pageantry with flashing … serves as the spiritual leader of the global Anglican Communion, which includes the Episcopal Church in the United …
Bird's-eye-view of the 1993 border blockade enacted by CBP Border Patrol agents in El Paso, Texas as part of Operation Hold the Line.

Fortifying the U.S.-Mexico Boundary: The 1993 “Hold the Line” Experiment

… also proposed deploying advanced drug detection machines to combat the influx of fentanyl, which he claimed was … for those living in the cities and resulting in fatal outcomes for migrants in transit.   OHL presents a critical … . It allows us to think about the interconnectedness of communities, cities, and other locations that share a …

Private Matter or Public Crisis? Defining and Responding to Domestic Violence

… the elevator. (Photo Credit, AP)  In late July 2014, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell also handed Rice a two game … Those concerned with domestic violence have consistently grappled with the question of what kind of violations … often, perpetrators of family violence were sentenced to pay a fine or to be whipped. Puritans did believe that some …
Cover of Philanthropy in America: A History by Olivier Zunz.

The Gifts That Keep On Giving

Review of Philanthropy in America: A History, by Olivier Zunz (Princeton University Press, 2012)
… to start with: What do Americans fund every year at levels comparable to annual budget of the Pentagon? Answer: the … to be an enormous enterprise; and second, we don't have a comprehensive sense of its history. Until now. Philanthropy … that grew into the University of Pennsylvania, the Library Company and the American Philosophical Society, all of which …
“Aux amateurs de physique.” Likewise portraying the Tuileries flight, this cartoon mocks the unwashed masses who wished to see the spectacle without a ticket, but the scaling of the garden walls also illustrates how the balloon as a “people-machine” ignited the determination of the poorer, disempowered social strata to overcome restraints imposed on them by the authoritarian regime.

Public Perceptions: Ballooning and Political Culture

Review of The Imagined Empire: Balloon Enlightenments in Revolutionary Europe, by Mi Gyung Kim (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2016)
… of the poorer, disempowered social strata to overcome restraints imposed on them by the authoritarian regime. …
Khrushchev during his visit to the Agricultural Research Service Center in Maryland.

Khrushchev’s Great American Road Trip

Review of Nikita Khrushchev's Journey into America, by Lawrence J. Nelson and Matthew G. Schoenbachler (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2019)
… September 1959 Nikita Khrushchev, General Secretary of the Communist Party and Premier of the Soviet Union , arrived in … The opportunity to share in this journey, to imagine the complications and sheer exhaustion of meals, receptions, … lunched on baked ham, fried chicken, barbecued ribs, apple pie, and corn pudding.” Khrushchev expressed his …
George W. Bush and Al Gore

Bush v. Gore Twenty-Five Years Later

… call “the law of unintended consequences.” That phrase has come to be understood as a warning that intervention in a complex system tends to create unexpected and often … undesirable results.   The U.S. Constitution is one such complex system, and making changes to it can sometimes …
Djiboutian workers fill bags with wheat destined for Ethiopia, provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), at the Port of Djibouti, Africa, Jan. 7, 2013.

The Birth and Death of USAID

… in the beginning of 2025, still working in the name of the commitment that President John F. Kennedy had made in 1961 … address, “for whatever period is required—not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, … They do so at a comparatively low cost to American taxpayers. USAID dispersed $43.8 billion in the last fiscal …
The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World, by Lorenz M Luthi Book Cover

Clashing Shades of Red

Review of The Sino-Soviet Split: Cold War in the Communist World, by Lorenz M Luthi (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008)
… War , and Odd Arne Westad's The Global Cold War .  Lüthi grapples with several overlapping themes in The Sino-Soviet … in the Cold War — it drove decision-making within the communist bloc through the 1950s.  For Lüthi, alternative … war in Vietnam, the military partnership between the two communist giants was irreparably broken.      Lüthi frames …
Cover of A Cruel Wind: Pandemic Flu in America, 1918-1920 by Dorothy Ann Pettit and Janice Bailie.

Before There Was Swine Flu

Review of A Cruel Wind: Pandemic Flu in America, 1918-1920, by Dorothy A. Pettit and Janice Bailie (Timberlane Books, 2008)
… was upgrading the recent outbreak of H1N1 influenza, more commonly known as "swine flu," to a global pandemic. Although the designation comes from the increasing spread and not increasing severity … paint the picture of world in which public masks were common, anti-influenza propaganda existed alongside the …
Cover of The City's End: Two Centuries of Fantasies, Fears, and Premonitions of New York’s Destruction by Max Page.

The City's End: Two Centuries of Fantasies, Fears, and Premonitions of New York's Destruction

Review of The City's End: Two Centuries of Fantasies, Fears, and Premonitions of New York's Destruction, by Max Page (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008)
… of the text.  In examining roughly two hundred years of comic, filmic, propagandic, and literary portrayals of the … of weapons of mass destruction and man's inability to communicate result in the end of the city?  Invasion, U.S.A. … criticism because he explains why he focuses on the Big Apple in clear terms; the uniqueness of this city, its early …
Image of Shirley Chishorm, Hillary Clinton, Condaleeza Rice, and Kamala Harris

The New Normal (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 8)

… my guests are historians. We look back and study what has come before and  this …this is a decidedly forward looking … we analyze if the promise of women's rights activists have come to fruition and what we can learn from the last 200 … issues, and there is evidence that the women would pay more attention to—issues related to women, children, and …
Cover of Apache Diaspora by Paul Conrad.

“Diaspora” as a Creative and Historical Force

Review of The Apache Diaspora: Four Centuries of Displacement and Survival, by Paul Conrad (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021)
… of “violence.” Pekka Hämäläinen made an argument that the Comanche past constituted an “empire.” Benjamin Madley, … one overarching Apache ‘tribe’ or nation.” Despite this complexity, the author sticks to this Euro-American … at Fort Marion are genuinely moving. The diaspora model pays dividends. It would be well situated in a course on …
Haze obscuring image of rooftops in China

The Greening of China?

… great paradox. With its fast-growing economy, China has become the leading producer of CO2 (though not on a per-capita basis). Simultaneously, it has become the world's leading producer of green and renewable … environment, and what global role China might play in the coming years in confronting climate change. ( Image Source ) …
Cover of A Decade of Upheaval: The Cultural Revolution in Rural China by Dong Guoqiang and Andrew G. Walder.

The View from the Countryside

Review of A Decade of Upheaval: The Cultural Revolution in Rural China, by Dong Guoqiang & Andrew G. Walder (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2021)
… According to official accounts from the Chinese Communist Party, “The ‘cultural revolution,’ which lasted … (1958—1962) and his fear that enemies in the Chinese Communist Party planned to place China back on the … organizations: Paolian (Bombard the County Party Committee United Headquarters) and Liansi (The Feng County …
man with giant crab

A Tale of Two Fisheries: Fishing and Over-Fishing in American Waters

… of effort. Profits became less assured for many fishing companies beginning in the 1970s and accelerating in later … fishing internationally. However, little was really accomplished until the 1970s, when many nations declared … of the boats, suck 75 percent of the money out of the paychecks and make the free market illegal." Even some boat …