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Fourth of July celebration in Philadelphia, 1819.

The United States: Democracy or Republic?

… Civics quiz: Is and was the United States a) a democracy b) a republic c) … Americas – in British North America and Spanish Mexico, and South Americans who fought independence wars against their … democratic principles of equality and citizenship for African Americans.  Many white southerners, however, opposed …
Donald Trump and Joe Biden

Election 2020: Insights from History

… Breyfogle, Associate Professor, Department of History and Director of the Goldberg Center; Susan Hartmann, … to tramp down the vote of people of color, particularly African Americans. And so some of those efforts that we saw, … targeting black elected officials down in the deep south. And so one of the consistent themes that we see …
Herd of horses on desert-steppe

A Postcard from Eastern Kazakhstan

… in Central Asia . It is located between two even larger and much more populous states: Russia to the north and China to the southeast. Once part of the Russian Empire of the tsars and … following days. Ulan’s Nissan 4-wheel-drive SUV. We headed south into dry, almost featureless steppe that resembles …
Image of Adonis on a red-figure squat lekythos.

Easter: A Season of Renewal

… of renewal, a celebration of resurrection, lies anciently and deeply embedded in the human spirit. Hunters and … a time of rejuvenated hope. The puebloans of the American Southwest marked the beginning of spring, and the other … had such appeal and staying power that it spread from southern Mexico and Central America into the southwestern …
Various sedimentary rock strata are visible in many areas of Badlands National Park.

Ten Moments of Insight in America’s National Parks

… an astonishing range of natural areas as well as historic and other cultural sites, are often touted, justifiably, as … Bunny Slippers”: Minuteman Missile National Historic Site, South Dakota Commander’s key insert to launch missile, … to the Bottom of the (Ancient) Sea: Badlands National Park, South Dakota Various sedimentary rock strata are visible in …
NCAA Basketball championship banners.

The Big Business of “Amateur” Intercollegiate Sports

… considered one “game”). The teams had 25 players a side, and to the 100-odd spectators the contest looked more like … Coliseum was built in 1923, where nearby University of South California (USC) played football.  As early as 1926 … equity. Yet for nearly a century the NCAA fought to keep African Americans and women out of intercollegiate sports.  …

Requiem: Detroit and the Fate of Urban America

… the price of a cheap car. Pick up a paper these days and you almost invariably see some mention of Detroit's … 1960s it was a festering wound cutting across the city. African Americans had come to Detroit in the first half of … embraced racial separation. And if, by some chance, an African-American family slipped past all the discriminatory …
Unification council of Orthodox Church in Ukraine, 2018.

The Religious Roots of the War in Ukraine

… Church (ROC) called on God to “preserve the Russian land… the land which now includes Russia and Ukraine and … the political and religious histories of the northern and southern Rus territories diverged. The south-west and south-east lands, including Kyiv, were …

Erasing Indigenous History, Then and Now

… nothing here...I mean, yes we have Native Americans but candidly there isn't much Native American culture in American … colony along with Canada , Australia , New Zealand , South Africa , Israel , and others. Let’s return to the “opening” …

Baptized in the Jordan: Restoring a Holy River

… river. The priest, a tall figure with shoulder-length hair and a beard, intoned a hymn and the pilgrims joined in, … one third of the country’s annual water requirements. South of Lake Tiberias, the Lower Jordan River covers a … Peace Treaty with Israel in 1994. Israelis have no access south of the Yarmouk River, while Palestinians can only …
Restored color photo of President Rutherford B. Hayes.

Will an Eighteenth-Century Election System Paralyze America in the Twenty-First Century?

… presumably loyal to their parties, to represent their candidates. While the names of the Electors are not usually … challenged nineteen electoral votes in Louisiana, South Carolina and, yes, Florida. With charges of fraud … last time that political agreements rested on the backs of African Americans. Given the closely divided Congress that …

Charles Darwin’s American Adventure: A Melodrama in Three Acts

… Darwin a happy 200th birthday. They did so through symposia and conferences, exhibits and television specials, books and … Americans did, which put the United States slightly behind South Africa. In addition, roughly the same number of Americans, …
Abraham Lincoln Campaign Poster 1860

"Great God, What does it Mean?" - Lee's Escape at Williamsport

… Perhaps the most moving and iconic moment in American military history is the Battle … successes at Vicksburg and tipped the scales in favor of Southern slaveholding independence. By mid-1863, the … swept westward through the Cashtown and Fairfield gaps in South Mountain toward the Potomac. Back at Gettysburg, Meade …

From Fat Cats to Egg Heads: The Changing American "Elite"

… may say a great deal about your political point of view and the cultural assumptions that undergird them. President … the right to vote in all sorts of ways. Most infamously, Southern states made it effectively impossible for African Americans to vote between the 1870s and the 1960s. …
Troops of the French 2nd Armored Division parade down the Champs-Élysées on 26 August 1944

The Liberation of Paris

… a week of guerilla combat between Resistance fighters and the occupying German troops, General Philippe Leclerc’s … hall], with red and blue rockets answering them in the south and west. It was the signal. The first tanks of … which was composed largely of soldiers drawn from France’s African colonies. Three African soldiers in the Free French …

The American Dream after COVID-19

… The COVID-19 pandemic has brought widespread changes to the United States … of the privileged. Displaced Natives and enslaved African Americans lived with the cruelest opposite of the … environmental impact of those human dreams. A stop sign in Southeastern Ohio spray-painted in opposition to constant …

Two Popes and a Primate: The Changing Face of Global Christianity

… The unexpected and nearly unprecedented resignation of Pope Benedict XVI, … to lands across the globe, including the Americas, Africa, Australia, and India. As these colonies became … liberal in matters of gender and sexuality, those in the southern hemisphere (especially Africa) evince great …
The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism, by Aaron Sachs Book Cover

The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism

Review of The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism, by Aaron Sachs (Viking Books, 2006)
… County, California. The Humboldt River. All these places, and undoubtedly more besides, were named to honor a German … at least, from Europe – corners of the world, including South America and Siberia, resulted in a number of highly … in the world, running north along the western coast of South America, also bears Humboldt's name. By one estimate, …
US Marine Corps during Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003.

“Operation Mississippi Freedom”: When State-Sponsored Terrorism Was American

… of civil rights workers James Chaney, Michael Schwerner and Andrew Goodman focuses attention on an era, only four … The use of military force to improve the situation of African Americans had been tried a century before, in the … two attempts to achieve analogous results in the American South. The total number of people killed in the nonviolent, …
Soviet and US Flags

Cultural Diplomacy and the Global Cold War

… globe. Exhibitions, concerts, performances, book readings, and film screenings captured the ideological message of each … at cultural contacts in the West, but also in the Global South, and to try to think about both the manifestations but … were organized in Asia alone, but also in Latin America, in Africa, in Arab states, right, so this was a very ambitious …
Nationalist police forces in Barcelona preventing voting in the October 1, 2017 referendum.

Top Ten Origins: Catalonia (Catalunya) and Spain

… independent country from Spain, triggering confusion, fear, and demonstrations in the streets. Why did Catalonians vote … autonomous regions/cities in the Iberian Peninsula, North Africa, and the Atlantic Ocean. Each region governs itself, … Muslim invaders swept the peninsula, attacking cities in southern France. By 760, the Franks began pushing the Arab …
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. at a press conference in 1964.

Martin Luther King’s True Legacy: Revolutionary Ideals

… ideals rooted in the 18th-century vision of freedom and equality and grounded by a Christian theological vision … created national discomfort in cities, north as well as south, throughout the 1960s. Holding true to his principles … should all be mindful that King carried on the tradition of African American political activism that believed in the …