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President of the United States Ronald Reagan in a briefing with National Security Council staff on the Libya bombing on 15 April 1986.

The National Insecurity State

… expands our list of enemies and defines any potential competitor as a mortal threat. The national insecurity state … permanent normalcy.” Eisenhower did just that, and the message stuck long after he was gone. Throughout the Cold … The fears of the Bush era come from just the opposite belief: that we must never have any competitor, that …
The Thirty Years War (1618-1648) was one of the bloodiest in history: 8 million people lost their lives in Europe's deadliest religious conflict.

Secularism, Past and Future

Review of Secularism: Politics, Religion, and Freedom, by Andrew Copson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017)
… between church and state .” Jefferson, along with James Madison, Benjamin Franklin, and others, did indeed … French scholar Jean Bauberot. Bauberot sees three essential components to a secular society: 1) the separation of … tumult of French politics in the 19th century, the French commitment to what they call laïcité remained. By the Third …

Aerial Torpedoes, Buzz Bombs, and Predators: The Long Cultural History of Drones

… terrorists by unmanned drones,” in the words of New York Times reporter Scott Shane. Six months after securing a second … us from the ravages of modern warfare, or if they will become the appliances of Orwellian control. What is remarkable … and killed civilians, America’s counterfeit was “a super dream of modern warfare, fostered in the imagination …
Women working at a farm at Lamas district in Peru, 2014. (Photo by CIF Action)

Reforming Peruvian Agriculture, Again

… declared, the group trains “farmers, women, and indigenous communities in the use of improved technologies in current … want the cooperatives, which they saw as glorified, state-supervised haciendas. As the invasions of the previous … [all-powerful landowners] and gave us technical support and credit. But that lasted only a short time. With the …
illustration of woman getting cow pox variolation

Top Ten Origins: Vaccination

… opposition to vaccines and by the concerns raised by now-discredited studies that linked vaccines and autism. And as … child as a man stands outside with a cow (from the Wellcome Trust). The term vaccination comes from variolae vaccinae , or “smallpox of the cow,” …
Cover of The End of the West: The Once and Future Europe by David Marquand

The End of the World as We Know It?

Review of The End of the West: The Once and Future Europe, by David Marquand (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011)
… the E.U. to be; what it has in effect turned into; and the messy politics and economics that have of late undermined … - the deliberate construction of a supranational European Community, based on law rather than force, in which ancient … European Union's population stands at 500 million with a combined GDP of $16 trillion outpacing the U.S. by $2 …
Mount Holyoke College

Historical Truth and Personal Truths

… as much troubled by dishonesty and other human shortcomings as other occupations. When scholars make mistakes, … dishonesty is now known to one and all because of the superiority and justified popularity of his historical … thing to come out of this otherwise sad incident. James M. Banner, Jr. a historian in Washington, D.C., was …
H.G. Wells’s novel, War of the Worlds, described hissing, tentacled, tripodal invaders from Mars.

Orson Welles’s “War of the Worlds” Radio Broadcast

… an enterprising radio newsman unsatisfied with the comments from an obscure Midwestern astronomer, sped to … in Grover's Mill, NJ commemorating the “Martian landing site” of Welles’s broadcast. It was a fatal decision.  … tentacled monsters emerged from the wreckage.  Shooting flames from small, mirror-like weapons, they laid waste to …
Marlin Stutzman US senate campaign, 2016 (Support a Balanced Budget Amendment)

An Amendment Whose Time Has Never Come

… to popular enthusiasm for a simplistic solution to fiscal complexities, a responsible minority treated the … Deal measure. At a time when national obligations in domestic and international affairs were growing rapidly and … checkbook where failure to limit household spending to income courted disaster. This analogy ignored the reality that …

Dry Days Down Under: Australia and the World Water Crisis

… is a self-reinforcing event. How, we should ask, has it come to all this? Australia's water woes are, in part, a … water supply in Sydney, the Tank Stream, quickly became a site of contention—and disastrously polluted—as local elites … dams as Hoover and Grand Coulee). Mead set up government supervision of the irrigation system and focused the …

Rash Decisions: Anti-vaccination Movements in Historical Perspective

… the initial onset of symptoms. Measles often causes severe complications, including pneumonia and encephalitis … children with its characteristic “pox mark” rash. Sometimes fatal, it has plagued humans since the beginnings of … fluoride, mercury, and aspartame exposure . In 1998, now discredited British doctor Andrew Wakefield published a paper …
Infamous photograph of German soldiers rounding up Jews for deportation in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1943.

Weathering the Storm: Wartime Lives of Ordinary People

Review of An Iron Wind: Europe Under Hitler, by Peter Fritzsche (New York: Basic Books, 2016)
… actions or inactions as they tried to weather the seemingly supernatural force of total war. Fritzsche’s book proceeds … German soldier. Fritzsche is particularly interested in comparing the French and Polish accounts about sharing space … SS, 1945. Fritzsche’s greatest contribution, however, comes in his chapters on the Holocaust and the nature of …
Marshall "Major" Taylor was a professional African American cyclist

(Bicycle) Wheels of Change

Review of The Cycling City: Bicycles and Urban America in the 1890s, by Evan Friss (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015)
… cycling clubs were one type of group where cyclists could come together, but they were not merely for elites only. … reasons found something attractive about the bicycle: sometimes as representative of emancipation and power, or … (185) For every type of cyclist, there was a group that accommodated them and, though they disagreed over who should …
European Union flag

The EU: Past, Present, and Future

… a century ago. Today, the EU faces an unprecedented combination of challenges, including a lingering economic … Patrick Potyondy   Welcome to History Talk the podcast that brings together a … Sokolsky. Song and band information can be found on our website. You can find our podcasts and more at our website
Joel Roberts Poinsett on a background of poinsettias.

Poinsettia Day, the Monroe Doctrine, and U.S.-Mexican Relations

… Congress to honor the passing of Paul Ecke, Jr., who helped commercialize the plant in the United States in the middle … written by Secretary of State John Adams and buried in James Monroe’s presidential address to Congress, claimed the … interference. His first stop was San Juan de Ulúa, the last site of Spanish military occupation in Mexico, to meddle in …

The Illegalization of Marijuana: A Brief History

… recreational use. Across the state, celebratory stoners welcomed the New Year by lining up at licensed retailers to buy … of (heavily taxed) artisanal marijuana, with varietal names like Pineapple Express and Alaskan Thunderbolt. Since … marijuana, and worked behind the scenes to defund or discredit research that contradicted his views on the danger of …
Stock photo of a pen on paper.

History News Service Feeds Popular Hunger for Good History and Good Journalism

… interests in the U.S. textbook publishing business. Liberal commentators and religious libertarians denounced the …  The HNS was founded in 1996 by Joyce Appleby and James Banner as a way to bridge what they believed was a … op-ed essays to several hundred newspapers and news Web sites, including the History News Network.  For example, …
Billboard of Nursultan Nazarbayev in Kazakhstan, 2015.

Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and the Democratization Shell Game

… both countries appear to break from the autocratic past and complicate our understanding of their political future. In … that were billed as “the final transition from a super-presidential form of government to a presidential … when it was set to assume the position. In reality, the opposite occurred. By the time Kazakhstan assumed the …

The Politics of International Adoption

… violence, malnutrition or disease. Ten million is hard to comprehend. Nor is it any easier if we break it down: thirty … adoption, by an unintended irony, re-traces the discredited preoccupation with "matching" that wrote children … countries in question: orphanages, and the street. I have visited orphanages in several Asian countries; no child should …
Emancipation Memorial in Lincoln Park, Washington DC.

Bicentennial for Two Great Emancipators

… Both were born on February 12, 1809 — Darwin into a comfortable family in Shropshire, England, Lincoln into … political and moral actions.   Both revolutions share a commitment to the same proposition: that all human beings … equal. In this sense, both Lincoln and Darwin deserve credit for emancipating us from the political and …
Cover of The Anatomy Murders by Lisa Rosner

The Anatomy Murders

Review of The Anatomy Murders, by Lisa Rosner (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009)
… century the dead bodies themselves became precious commodities because the dissection of human cadavers for … when direct knowledge of anatomy had become a prerequisite for obtaining employment after medical school. … step further than others. They skipped the nasty, and sometimes dangerous, chore of unearthing corpses and instead went …
Fidel Castro during a visit to Washington.

Why Economic Sanctions Often Fail

… hundred buses as well as a seven million dollar line of credit. On the issue of Iran, President Bush has been … to Iran in 2007. Switzerland's Swiss EGL energy trading company recently completed a forty-two billion dollar agreement with the …
Rendering of the new National World War I Memorial in Washington DC

It’s Time for a National World War I Memorial

… nearly 117,000 perished during the war — 53, 402 in combat — and another 204,000 were wounded. Many believe that … minute before the 11 a.m. armistice of Nov. 11, 1918. In comparison, roughly 34,000 Americans died in combat during … has left the First World War without a clearly focused “site of memory.”   There is, however, an opportunity to make …