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Cover of The British Way of War by Andrew Lambert

Redefining Strategy in 20th Century Britain

Review of The British Way of War: Julian Corbett and the Battle for a National Strategy by Andrew Lambert (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2021)
… armies fighting short, decisive campaigns on land as the future of British strategy. Corbett sought to dispel this … strategic priorities. Corbett disavowed continental commitment and mass armies, believing Britain should instead … Lambert’s work is exceptional and will appeal to a wide audience. …
Greek amphora, or jug, from c. 540 BCE showing two hoplite phalanxes engaged in combat. Hoplites were the heavy infantry who formed the backbone of most Greek armies in the Classical Age.

A Fragmented History of Ancient Generalship

Review of The Classical Art of Command: Eight Greek Generals Who Shaped the History of Warfare, by Joseph Roisman (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017)
… Joseph Roisman’s  The Classical Art of Command: Eight Greek Generals Who Shaped the History of … Roisman’s goal is not biography, but to provide case studies that show what Greek generalship was in the Classical … concerns how well the generals controlled both their own soldiers and allied contingents in the field. Tactics in the …
dollar bill with image of capitol building in front of it

Deeper Than the “Deep State”: Follow the Money

… a year into Trump’s second term, his own supporters have become suspicious that even his Justice Department has joined … threat to the government but as the government itself, embodied in administrators, supported by the Democratic Party, … light our way about choices for next steps. The immediate future belongs to the Republicans in power and presenting a …
A Sea Fight with Barbary Corsairs by Laureys a Castro, c. 1681

Hostage Taking in Algeria Is a 200-Year-Old Story

… The State Department is probably very pleased with the outcome of last week’s hostage crisis in Algeria, although … who joined the remnants of the earlier group (some had died or been released earlier). Not until 1796 did the new … cash and naval stores to the Algerian government to prevent future captures. The United States was not alone in paying …
The Benin Bronzes in the African Gallery at the British Museum.

LOOT: Colonial Collections and African Restitution Debates

… context. Collecting, in this sense, could involve soldiers, missionaries, colonial administrators, African … importance of the possession of a national heritage for the future of new nations. Individual demands and attempts at … these conversations led nowhere.  Numerous conferences, workshops, and dialogues, often with either ICOM or UNESCO …

Yearning to Breathe Free: The American Immigration Story

… they simply never made enough to do so. “Many Chinamen have come; few have returned. Why is this?” representatives of China’s laboring community said in an 1876 address to Congress. “Because … Ajo, Arizona. That bipartisanship seems to have all but died over the past decade, as the resurgence of identity …
Views of the White Tower in Thessaloniki, Greece.

A Postcard from Thessaloniki, Greece

… crenellation of the rooftop and its turret exemplify a medieval military fortification. Its image illustrates postcards, coffee mugs and magnets commemorating this relaxed, yet urbane port on the Aegean … prosperity, cobbled streets, cable cars, street lights, and shop windows. A 1907 postcard showing the White Tower before …
A tractor purchased through the Marshall Plan for France.

Grand Fenwick, Afghanistan and Iraq

… Not any funny movie, but “The Mouse That Roared.” That 1959 comedy was based on the premise that by the late 1950s both … aid as a result of war. “The Mouse That Roared” parodies the wisest foreign policy the United States has ever … they might gain or lose in an American occupation. Iraqi soldiers and civilians will be less likely to resist American …
A vision for the future of the US Space Command for 2020: a space-based high-energy laser destroys a terrestrial target.

Rumsfeld May Spark Space Weapons Debate

… which plan to test the next generation of bombs on computers rather than under the ground. But who’s paying … their plan. They shout it out in glossy brochures and slick websites, hoping to get a bigger piece of the budgetary pie. … may be too late. Ira Chernus is a professor of religious studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder and a writer …

Currency Wars, or Why You Should Care About the Global Struggle Over the Value of Money

… the late 1990s and Argentina in the early 2000s. Various studies have found that currency appreciation played a role in … contained. Trade in East Asia was fueled in part by silver coins from Mexico. Prior to the Meiji Restoration of 1868 in … inaccurately to trade protectionism. Despite being refuted again and again by economists and historians, this …
Olympic Broadcasting Services covering the men's 10 kilometre marathon swim at the 2012 Olympic Games.

The Big Game on the Small Screen: The Televised Transformation of Sport

… Contemporary televised sport, in many ways, has become a better fan experience than being there live. You get … broadcasts was therefore rudimentary and ad-hoc.   The audience, such as it was, much like the earliest radio … Yet at the same time, sport has also returned to the smallest of screens, given that a large smartphone or small …
Two vials of modern insulin named Actrapid (left) and NovoRapid (right) by the manufacturers.

The First Insulin Injection as a Treatment for Diabetes

… a chronic condition that can have serious, life-threatening complications if left untreated. Diabetes is caused when the … concoctions of herbs and seeds and, by the 18th century, dietary changes. In 1870, French pharmacist Apollinaire … most famously observed the importance of a sugar-free diet during the Franco-Prussian War. Research into the …
Portrait of Jane Addams

Million Moms March in Noble Company

… children. What is different today is the often fatal outcomes of children's brutality towards one another, owing to … limitations of that perspective, too. Though the march's website invites "mothers, grandmothers, stepmothers, godmothers, foster mothers, future mothers, and all others," the suggestion is that it …
Marina Silva (PSB)

10/21/2014: Top Ten Origins: Brazil's Presidential Elections

… economically most important countries in the world, the outcome of these elections is significant not just for … direct involvement in politics ended in 1985. (Right) Soldiers guarding Guanabara Palace in Rio de Janeiro, March 31, … was elected president of Brazil in 1985 but fell ill and died before he was sworn in. Aécio began his political …
With its rhetoric of "the 99%" (the people) against "the 1%" (the elite), the international Occupy movement is an example of a (left-wing) populist social movement.

A New Populism in the United States

… Americans and white working-class Americans are likely to come out in large numbers in support of an independent … the bill. While Fulani and Buchanan have been accused of compromising their respective positions on social issues, … a poll by the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies shows that African Americans who identify themselves …

Savage Gladiators vs. Civilized Amateurs: Rome and Athens in American Sports Culture

… In fact, as surprising as it may be to sports watchers and commentators, how Americans talk about sports today is a … their home city-states. Specialized, intensive training and diet were also essential in order to win large or … when he was investigated for rape in 2012-13 and cited for shoplifting in 2014 – but his former high school retired his …
book cover of Empire of Cotton - A Global History

Top Ten Origins: Summer 2018 Must Reads

… The joy of reading comes in all seasons, but many people specifically like to … picked books that are relatively accessible to a general audience, and they’re texts which I thought would engage … includes the voices of American and Vietnamese people, soldiers and civilians, men and women, generals and artists, …
Actors in the Berezil troupe, 1922.

Ukrainian Theater on the Soviet Stage

… ensuing chaos and devastation, painfully relevant to all audiences who had endured not only World War I , but also the … cavorted with dancing girls. Finally, the figure of comic writer Ostap Vyshnia was depicted hunting a line of … Avant-Garde of the 1910s and 1920s (Rodovid, 2015). Website: “Open Kurbas” created by Tetiana Rudenko and the …
Sobaek Mountain

A Postcard from Yeongju, South Korea

… home of the Seonbi, Confucian scholars who lived and studied during Korea’s Joseon period (1392-1897). At sites such … lantern, a wood plaque reads “Muryangsujeon (無量壽殿)” and welcomes all comers (right). The founder of the Buseoksa … themselves. The full cultural heritage of Yeongju is embodied in the seamless interplay of its buildings, artifacts, …
Cover of Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China by Ezra F. Vogel.

The Man Who Re-Invented China

Review of Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China, by Ezra F. Vogel (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011)
… socialism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, made the future of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) uncertain. It was in this period of … Leap Forward (1958-61), when an estimated 16-45 million died. He doubts grew during the Cultural Revolution …
the monument of the Soviet army in Sofia, completed in 1954

11/4/2014: Empty Fountains: Communist-Era Monuments Revisited

… What is the afterlife of an old communist statue? Just what to do with all the Soviet-era … 2011, residents of Sofia woke up to find the Soviet army soldiers reincarnated into American comic and pop art figures ( … symbols from medieval times with allusion of the glorious future of communism. Yet, after 1989, this monument …
The hazards of an enclosed work environment – a typist with cloth mask during the influenza pandemic in 1918.

The Respirator and Cloth Mask

… are at the heart of often vitriolic public debates. Both futuristic and somehow archaic at the same time, millions … understandings of how disease is transmitted within the community. As a general rule, respirators function by … humidity of lowland Bengal took a physical toll on the soldiers and officials of the East India Company. Upon …
The United Nations Office at Geneva (Switzerland) is the second biggest UN centre, after the United Nations Headquarters (New York City).

The U.N. may be dysfunctional, but it’s the kind of dysfunction that its founders intended

… would serve merely as an explicit reminder of the U.N.'s incompetence.   An examination of the situation with an eye to … too quickly and therefore resulted in too many shortsighted compromises.   The order to follow the Second World War … Security Council. Meanwhile, the General Assembly and its accompanying subsidiary organizations, which were to be much …