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An image comparing Communism to Naziism

Historical Analogies and the China Debate

… a very different matter. Unfortunately, bad analogies have come to dominate discussions of China in the American press. … or stating outright that Beijing’s current leaders are best understood as similar to the heads of China’s … the bureaucracy he led. By contrast, heads of dynasties always saw themselves and were treated as figures who were …

We Won’t Shut up and Dribble: A Short History of Black Athletic Protest

… played those sports. To be a Black athlete in America has always meant confronting the politics of race . The Rise of … schedule meant made it impossible to tell which was the best team in Black baseball. Foster created the NNL to … racist Jesse Helms. Jordan quipped that "Republicans buy sneakers, too." Gatorade encouraged kids to "Be Like …
The Norwegians Land in Iceland 872 by Oscar Wergeland (1877).

Why We Love the Vikings

… ties were also immensely important, for one often needed community support at the assembly to win a legal case. Thus, … seventeenth century that these stories began making their way out of Iceland. Translated into Latin, the myths and … One thing is certain: one of the reasons we keep revisiting and reimagining the Viking Age is because we are …
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. exiting a plane in 1964.

King in Time; King in time

Forty years ago, Martin Luther King, Jr., was Time’s “Man of … than ever before. Yet Time utterly failed to capture the ways in which the times and the man had met. Time’s coverage … Kant and Gandhi”? Well, yes, he could do that. It was news to some readers of Time that an African American might …

A History of Stolen Citizenship

… the amendment restored voting rights to ex-felons who had completed their prison sentence and been released from … Nevertheless, states found a variety of creative ways to deny black men the right to vote. Crimes of Infamy … lease system. Mississippi’s 1876 “Pig Law” is perhaps the best known of these. Mississippi law had defined grand …
Sonia Sotomayor, U.S. Supreme Court justice.

Attacks on Sotomayor Ignore Court’s History and Makeup

… process. What’s unusual is that conservatives are complaining about the Court at the same time they’re … opinions, finally pulled a stunt even Obama wouldn’t get away with: he decided to just ignore Marshall altogether. … popular opinion even when doing so would be in the nation’s best interest. In 1857, conflict over slavery was tearing …
Official Presidential portrait of Thomas Jefferson (by Rembrandt Peale, 1800).

Jefferson: Founding Father and Connoisseur

… fathers, Thomas Jefferson. We revere the third president for his statesmanship and for the ringing prose of the … luxury and self-indulgence with the stern defender of the common man we know from history textbooks. As chief … the refinement that advertised his status. In just the same way, the economic underpinnings of that status disinclined …
The federal government commissioned a series of public murals from the artists it employed: William Gropper's Construction of a Dam (1939) is characteristic of much of the art of the 1930s, with workers seen in heroic poses, laboring in unison to complete a great public project.

Guess What? The New Deal Worked!

… Since the economic crisis we’re now in is being compared to the Great Depression, the solutions being … have been quick to pronounce the New Deal a failure as a way of justifying their opposition to the new stimulus … end the Great Depression, though they did ease the crisis for the families who gained an income because of the New …
Logo for "Canada 150".

Canada 150: Coming Home

… built on the theft of indigenous lands. Canadian rule has visited the violence of the residential schools, a sustained … even here in our A-game, Canada’s transfer payments are bested by the European Union’s Regional Policy that … of a new kind of Canadian who, in humility and hope, turns away from the flattery of the world and toward the place they …
A photograph of Dr. David Livingstone from 1857.

Dr. Livingstone, I Presume?: Missionaries, Journalists, Explorers, and Empire

Review of Dr. Livingstone, I Presume?: Missionaries, Journalists, Explorers, and Empire, by Clare Pettitt (Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2007)
… of famous British explorers in her famous wax museum. Yet, for all of his exploits he is most remembered not for what … declaration, "Dr Livingstone, I presume". Both men, in many ways, became remembered as much for this meeting as anything … The writer Walter Benjamin once suggested that "History decomposes into images, not narratives" and Clare Pettitt …

Tradition vs Charisma: The Sunni-Shi'i Divide in the Muslim World

… in the Islamic world and the reasons why they have become so explosive in Iraq, it is hardly surprising that … Adams and the not Very Reverend Ian Paisley that offers the best chance to bring "Troubles" to an end, so too in Iraq a … states ruled by autocratic sultans, a process well under way by the 10th century CE, Sunni Muslim political theorists …

Hong Kong in Protest

… returned home but evaded murder charges because he committed the crime outside of Hong Kong’s jurisdiction. He … of an Englishman ordering the emperor of China to buy opium. The text says: "I tell you to immediately buy the … has moved forward with the construction of a high-speed railway and the world’s longest oversea bridge. Both projects …
A U.S. military vehicle crossing the Iraq border in March 2003.

U.S. Credibility at Stake in Iraq

… that Iraq was a significant threat to the international community. Why is that? Because, the United States — from … the world did not forget how the U.S. government lied its way into the Vietnam war. In August 1964, the American … on a war it cannot justify. Christopher Gerteis is a visiting professor of East Asian history at the University …

Syria's Islamic Movement and the 2011-12 Uprising

… and animosity between Islamists (groups whose political platform calls for government policy to rest on the tenets of … population walked out of the Istanbul meeting as well, complaining that the SNC had no intention of setting up a … dissident members of the Free Officers Movement pulled away from the SNC-affiliated Free Syrian Army (FSA), pointing …
Pope Leo XIV in the popemobile at his inauguration, 2025.

Faith, History, and the City of God in the 21st Century

for all of us but it is one that we should not run away from.” Quoting Saint Augustine, he encouraged his … ( Hammer of the Witches ) became one of Europe’s first bestsellers.  While a few intellectuals consumed such … respect for natural order and human limitations is worth revisiting.  As AI datacenters threaten to surpass the  energy …
Cover of Apache Diaspora by Paul Conrad.

“Diaspora” as a Creative and Historical Force

Review of The Apache Diaspora: Four Centuries of Displacement and Survival, by Paul Conrad (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021)
… No revelation here: scholars are sticklers for words. Indeed, for historians of Native America, the way words are used to frame the Native past is critical. Ned … of “violence.” Pekka Hämäläinen made an argument that the Comanche past constituted an “empire.” Benjamin Madley, …
U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt (left) and nature preservationist John Muir, founder of the Sierra Club, on Glacier Point in Yosemite National Park. In the background: Upper and lower Yosemite Falls.

Why Today’s Politicians Love Teddy Roosevelt

… of the term “malefactors of great wealth,” Teddy’s label for corrupt corporations and businessmen. Three years later … and he wasn’t afraid to express them.  And he had a pungent way with words.   An energetic stump speaker and prolific … a Milwaukee auditorium to deliver a speech. True to his combative reputation, he insisted on speaking before going …
Official portrait of President Gerald R. Ford (February 25, 1976).

Will Vindication Elude Ford?

… evening, his well-deserved vindication will probably never come. Thrust into a difficult situation — one he handled … “our long national nightmare” to an end, the focus has always been on his pardon of Richard Nixon. Only one month … needed a target for their frustration, and Ford was the best one available. But more than 30 years have passed since …
President of the United States Ronald Reagan in a briefing with National Security Council staff on the Libya bombing on 15 April 1986.

The National Insecurity State

… era created a state of national insecurity that has lasted for half a century. The Bush administration constantly … expands our list of enemies and defines any potential competitor as a mortal threat. The national insecurity state … permanent national security state. Since the enemy would always loom beyond our borders, however, there was no way to …
Seal of the University of California.

How Does a Nation Protect Itself in Wartime?

… principles and hurting innocent citizens. Perhaps the best-known example occurred during World War II, when the … to act decisively, during World War I President Wilson took command of telegraph and telephone systems, issued executive … against them. Bush’s speech to Congress and the nation, his visit to a Washington mosque and his meetings with Muslim …
Official ISIS flag

11/12/2014: Top Ten Origins: The Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS)

… . The surge of U.S. forces to Iraq in 2007-2008 and the accompanying counterinsurgency strategy along with a Sunni … ISIS so dangerous? ISIS fighters with captives ISIS is the best equipped, most lavishly financed, and most heavily … have sided with ISIS as the lesser of two evils, paving the way to ISIS victories in Sunni regions of Iraq. 10. Can ISIS …

The Other Half of the African Sky: Women’s Struggles in Zimbabwe

… blocks to the Mhlahlandlela Government Complex in Bulawayo. As in their other public demonstrations, the crowd was … International German Section. Exactly one year later, Obama bestowed upon the group the RFK Human Rights Award, which … The Political Ends of Human Rights Awards WOZA's second visit to Washington in November 2009 was more than just …
Signing of the Treaty of Ghent, 1814

The War We Refuse to Remember

… in the Revolution. The inconclusive end to the War of 1812—for every party but Native Americans, who were left out of … ignored the bicentennial of the War itself, and will not commemorate its end either, and it is worth asking why. The … the nation’s founding in 1776, which goes a long way toward explaining why Americans do not commemorate this …
The Prima Porta Statue shows a powerful and youthful Augustus making an address

Celebrating Roman Emperor Augustus

… died. Augustus began his career by fomenting a civil war, forming a military junta, then violently eliminating any competition before fighting the other members of the junta. … and—through the widespread influence of Rome —on the way modern countries structure and imagine themselves. The …