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Waiting for a Chinook, by C.M. Russell. Overgrazing and harsh winters were factors that brought an end to the age of the Open Range.

Dot-Coms and the Great Cattle Die-Off

… reward for reasonable risk. We're talking about the dot-com industries of the '90s, aren't we? Not this time. We're … Texas longhorns actually got fatter as they grazed their way to Kansas and points north. Like our own era, it was a … Stock Growers Association offered sumptuous facilities to visiting owners, much as dot-com owners living on venture …
Hitler with politicians

The Nazis Take Poland and the Start of World War II

… of the German Army moved out of their encampments and into combat. It was the beginning of a war over the future of … across Europe, especially for Poles, and conditions the way many there respond to current events. Shelled by the … days. Germany, Britain, France, and Poland are now bound together militarily, through the North Atlantic Treaty …

Feminism in Egypt: New Alliances, Old Debates

… social justice,” the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 brought together a wide range of constituencies to protest the … seats in parliament. Morsi was the winner of Egypt’s first competitive presidential election, but his government was … Both ‘Abduh and Amin stressed the superiority of Western ways and advocated raising the level of education of …
Port of Buenos Aires

Cholera and Argentina: Insights for COVID-19

… with cholera in the 19 th century offers important insights for the COVID-19 world today, especially on the importance … began in 1817 and continue to this day, cholera ravaged communities and strained political and economic orders … beef industry and national government. Exporters banded together to demand the Argentine government put pressure on …
Cerro Rico of Potosí, c.1603. Courtesy Hispanic Society of America

“Mountains of Water:” The Great 1626 Potosí Flood

… and destroying dozens of refining mills and carrying away numerous houses. Hundreds of unsuspecting inhabitants, … structures made from this earthen material were common throughout the Andes, and they were generally … The great “machine” of Potosí, as seventeenth-century visitors called it, was powered by seasonal precipitation, …

Canada’s Dark Side: Indigenous Peoples and Canada’s 150th Celebration

… Project ]. Canada’s Houses of Parliament (its House of Commons and the Senate chambers) sit on the unceded … to this day). Yet in practice Canada has found all sorts of ways to cut off pieces of them, or to lease them out to … is it about us that you [Canadians] don’t like?” “I want to get rid of the Indian problem” and the Question of Genocide …
This 1952 illustration by Robert Thom of Sims' gynecological experiments involving enslaved women is part of a larger collection entitled Great Moments in Medicine.

Black Women, Medical Racism, and COVID-19

… orchestrated. Governor Andrew Cuomo and the medical community praised Lindsay. She was a healthcare hero . Lindsay was also a reminder of the ways in which ideas of race and the practice of medicine … little regard for Black lives . “This is how Black people get killed when you send them home and they don’t know how …
A crowd of protesters at night in Sudan

Sudan: Popular Protests, Today and Yesterday

… of living, demonstrators soon widened their criticisms to encompass the full impact of Bashir’s three decades in power: … Henry and Eric Michael Rhodes discuss this pivotal moment for Sudan with two experts on Sudanese history and politics: … All Politics is Local: Understanding Boko Haram , Searching for Wakanda: The African Roots of the Black Panther Story , …
Alfonso García Robles at the Public Hearing on Nuclear Weapons and Disarmament in 1981.

A Model for a Nuclear-Free Middle East

… programs. These recent developments no doubt bring comfort to some. But we can't rest easy. The dangers of … weapon-free zone treaty. Many obstacles stood in their way. Some nations disagreed on how or when the treaty should … would take time to develop and implement. They were wise to get started in 1963. Patient diplomacy was required to bring …
A Nuclear Power Plant in the Untied Kingdom against a blue sky.

How Green Is the Atom?

The Past–and Future–of Nuclear Energy in the United States
… power was a green technology and one of the most promising ways to slow global warming through carbon-free electricity … industry representatives, but many environmentalists have come to see nuclear power as key to end world dependence on … After all, any construction project that goes years over budget will require more labor and capital inputs, fuels, …
John Trumbull's portrait of Alexander Hamilton.

This Won’t Be the Last Political Sex Scandal

… Larry Craig, Mark Foley, Jim McGreevey: they all blur together. Gary Hart’s derailed 1987 presidential bid seems … be eclipsed by the next scandal before too long. If we’re becoming a more liberal society, shouldn’t there be fewer and … Prostitution is not illegal in all states — nor has it always been prohibited. Indeed the campaign to criminalize …
One of the McMinnville UFO photographs. Skeptics have concluded that the UFO was a small model suspended by wires or string from the power lines visible at the top of the photo.

The Air Force Investigation into UFOs

… 24, 1947, Arnold was flying over Washington State on the way to an air show in Oregon. He had taken a brief detour to … investigating reports of UFOs. To this end it instituted a comprehensive study of UFOs.  This study, known as Project … Study of UFOs UFO Study: Condon Group Finds No Evidence of Visits from Outer Space …
A posthumous portrait of Ferdinand Magellan, painted c. 16th or 17th century

Magellan’s Circumnavigation of the Earth

… the Indonesian archipelago) and open a new trading route for Spain. A modern replica of the Victoria , one of the … Spain controlled the Americas. By 1515, then, the only way for Spain to access the luxury goods available in the … in, some of them to work off debts. Magellan’s second-in-command was the Spanish overseer and accountant, Juan de …
The Cornalvo Dam, near the city of Mérida in Spain.

Top Ten Origins: Dams

For millennia, dams have played a central role in human life … are being built in Brazil and China, while campaigns to decommission dams are gaining traction in the United States … a look at human dams across history to reflect on the many  ways that humans have chosen to engineer their rivers and …
Portrait of Martin Luther

Martin Luther and the Reformation

… small town of Wittenberg, Germany, in 2017, it is easy to get the impression that the 500 th anniversary of the start … the course of Christianity and western civilization. Commemorative Playmobil figure of Martin Luther. But to stop … stability rather than endless civil war had to find a way to institutionalize some level of religious …
John Filo's iconic photograph of Mary Ann Vecchio kneeling over the body of Jeffrey Miller

Kent State after Fifty Years

… were killed. Nine others were wounded. With that, the forces of order in the United States had launched a shooting … a fourteen-year-old girl invariably described as “a runaway” and who thereby symbolized the fraying of the … antiwar movement, Black Power, and the generation gap had come even to Ohio. As the iconoclastic journalist I.F. Stone …
Cover of "Our Hemisphere"? The United States in Latin America, from 1776 to the Twenty-First Century by Britta H. Crandall and Russell C. Crandall.

Episodes of Ambivalent Empire

Review of “Our Hemisphere”? The United States in Latin America, from 1776 to the Twenty-First Century by : Britta H. Crandall and Russell C. Crandall (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2021)
… when asked about the U.S. administration’s vocal support for the beleaguered opposition to the Venezuelan government, … century, officials sometimes demonstrated a broad commitment to republican and democratic principles. For … as the sole remaining superpower is both – but in different ways. It has become more interventionist in the war on drugs …
An artistic rendering of the observable universe by Pablo Carlos Budassi. It depicts the Solar System at the center, surrounded by other celestial bodies and galaxies, and cosmic microwave radiation and plasma left over from the Big Bang at the outer edge.

Top Ten Origins: The Universe’s Greatest Hits

… 13.77 billion years ago, our entire observable universe was compressed into the size of a peach and had a temperature of … something like the size of an atomic nucleus, the physics gets a little wonky. That said, we have good reason to … to resemble: stars, galaxies, vast stretches of Midwest-highway boredom. It seemed as if the universe had put its …
1960s hippies dancing at a festival.

The Soundtrack of the Summer of Love

… of psychedelic exploration . The Summer of Love marked the coming out party for the counter-culture we now associate with the 1960s, a … we want to believe what Paul McCartney said—that it’s getting better all the time —that fifty years later we …