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Book cover of To Break Russia's Chains by Vladimir Alexandrov

Terrorism as the Path to a Better Russia

Review of To Break Russia’s Chains: Boris Savinkov and His Wars Against the Tsar and the Bolsheviks by Vladimir Alexandrov (New York: Pegasus Books, 2021)
… and sent to Vologda. It was there he decided to become a writer, sending his first short story to Maxim Gorky. … escaped and joined the Socialist Revolutionary (SR) Combat Organization. He was now a political terrorist and a … and then sought to kill Boris Chicherin, the first Soviet Commissar for Foreign Affairs, in Genoa in 1922. Alexandrov …
Cover of Faustian Bargain: The Soviet-German Partnership and the Origins of the Second World War by Ian Ona Johnson.

The Soviet-German Exchange: Beyond Ideology and Opportunism

Review of Faustian Bargain: The Soviet-German Partnership and the Origins of the Second World War, by Ian Ona Johnson (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021)
… and they will conjure up images of beleaguered Red Army soldiers at Stalingrad , the mechanized carnage of the tank … order and provide readers bite-sized analyses of complex political, social, and military affairs. For … may find the short, somewhat choppy, chapters jarring at points, the episodic nature of Johnson’s account helps to …
An MP looking north from South Korea in the Demilitarized Zone, 2008.

The War That Never Ended: The Legacy of the Korean War

… forces, however, the South Korean military repelled the Communist attack and eventually pushed them north of the … greatly assisted the fledgling KPA. Mao Zedong’s own son died during the conflict. Soviet leader  Joseph Stalin , … with wax figurines of long-nosed, beast-like U.S. soldiers killing innocent Koreans, the museum provides an image …

Alawites and the Fate of Syria

… “elected” president of Syria. The unrest resulted from a combination of socio-economic and political problems that … Alawites, furthermore, ignore Islamic sanitary practices, dietary restrictions, and religious rituals. The … For instance, they provided a disproportionate number of soldiers to the French mandate government, forming about half …
Dynamiters' train in Indianapolis.

Of Bill Gates, Casey Jones, and the Search for Heroes

… whole cloth. A hundred years later, letters to the editor commenting on the anti-trust suit against Microsoft suggest … first astronauts. The World War II generation honored the Audie Murphys and George Pattons because of their courage and … is a professor of African American history at San Diego State University. His most recent book is "Seeing Red: …
 In the Beginning: Fundamentalism, The Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, by Michael Lienesch Book Cover.

In the Beginning: Fundamentalism, The Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement

Review of In the Beginning: Fundamentalism, The Scopes Trial, and the Making of the Antievolution Movement, by Michael Lienesch (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 2007)
… for those unfamiliar with such theory. Lienesch's comparisons of the antievolution movement to other social … while arguing, like Darrow once did, that "multiple viewpoints" should be discussed in the classroom. Lienesch … of the Scopes trial to their advantage. "Multiple viewpoints," however, is exactly the opposite of what early …
Image of Pluto from NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft taken on July 13, 2015.

Discovering Pluto

… and mathematical calculations.  Initially, he focused on comet and meteor predictions, but he later turned to … To assist with calculations, he hired a team of human computers—individuals (often women) who performed complex computations—a practice later highlighted in the …
Demonstrators protest the judicial proceedings against suspected White Power activists following the Greensboro massacre of 1979.

"Lone Wolves" No More

Review of Bring the War Home: The White Power Movement and Paramilitary America, by Kathleen Belew (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018)
… in the Baghdad sky Insist there’s a price we must pay A soldier returns from the war in the Gulf A soldier named Tim McVeigh . . . ―Charlie King, The War is Coming Home , 1996 On April 19, 1995, a date fraught with … emboldened White Power activists; two subsequent flashpoints then embittered them. In 1992, militarized federal …
The sickle and hammer on a Soviet Union flag from the 1930s.

A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev (The New Cold War History)

Review of A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev (The New Cold War History) , by Vladislav Zubok (2007, University of North Carolina Press)
… motives and the messianic revolutionary ideals of Russian communism. 2 Originating in Czarist Russia, traditional … the Soviet Union's security. On the other hand, messianic communist ideals, which date back to Bolshevik upheaval of … was important to Khrushchev was to maintain the spread of communism. Khrushchev's calls for peaceful coexistence were …
Women suffragists marching on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington D.C., March 3, 1913.

The First Time Women Marched on Washington

… of the 1913 march had their organizational act together. Communicating via a federated national organization called … about women voting. The organizers of the 1913 parade accomplished all this in the face of obstacles that those of …
Marina Silva (PSB)

10/21/2014: Top Ten Origins: Brazil's Presidential Elections

… economically most important countries in the world, the outcome of these elections is significant not just for … direct involvement in politics ended in 1985. (Right) Soldiers guarding Guanabara Palace in Rio de Janeiro, March 31, … was elected president of Brazil in 1985 but fell ill and died before he was sworn in. Aécio began his political …
Harry Beck’s London Underground Railway map, designed in 1931 and released to the public in 1933.

All Aboard!: A Train Ride through the British Twentieth Century in 100 Maps

Review of A History of the Twentieth Century in 100 Maps, by Tim Bryars and Tom Harper (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2014)
… Welcome aboard the train, British History ! In preparation for … in the world. The bloody 1900 Boer War and increased competition with the Germans over railroad and maritime … effective tool to discuss decolonization, but the book disappoints in this aspect. Be that as it may, it remains an …
The last Soviet forces leave Afghanistan via Friendship Bridge in February of 1989

What They Left Behind: The Soviet Union in Afghanistan

… in February 1989—twenty-five years ago—the Soviet Union completed withdrawal of its combat forces across the Friendship Bridge from the Afghan … society.” Kopp saw the Bolshevik Revolution as an event embodied in modernist architecture, but also facilitated and …
A woman on the outskirts of Kyiv carrying a bucket of apricots

Eating at You: Food and Chernobyl

… of independence. And, for many, knowing where your food comes from, intimately, down to the moisture of the soil, … strontium and plutonium—up the food chain and into bodies. From this mass monitoring effort, Soviet doctors … of the reactor in Chernobyl that turned reddish-brown and died Once they sorted clean from dirty, Soviet officials …
Cover of The Aryan Jesus: Christian Theologians and the Bible in Nazi Germany by Susannah Heschel.

God for Nazis

Review of The Aryan Jesus: Christian Theologians and the Bible in Nazi Germany , by Susannah Heschel (Princeton University Press, 2008)
… Heschel's work, the Prophets was written not for a Jewish audience but for people of faith in general. Writing during … Nazi anti Semitism and racial ideology required one to overcome a number of intellectual hurdles. How could one accept … time that Susannah Heschel manages to score any serious points is with her discussion of the post-war period, during …

From Karl Marx to Karl Rove: “Class Warfare” in American Politics

… Class is back. Whatever its other accomplishments, the Occupy Wall Street movement that sprouted … Budget Office offered this analysis of household income shortly after Occupy Wall Street started, showing that … all boats. Harry S Truman, who became president when FDR died in office in 1945 and narrowly won a second term in …
Greek amphora, or jug, from c. 540 BCE showing two hoplite phalanxes engaged in combat. Hoplites were the heavy infantry who formed the backbone of most Greek armies in the Classical Age.

A Fragmented History of Ancient Generalship

Review of The Classical Art of Command: Eight Greek Generals Who Shaped the History of Warfare, by Joseph Roisman (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017)
… Joseph Roisman’s  The Classical Art of Command: Eight Greek Generals Who Shaped the History of … Roisman’s goal is not biography, but to provide case studies that show what Greek generalship was in the Classical … concerns how well the generals controlled both their own soldiers and allied contingents in the field. Tactics in the …
Napoleon, Tsar Alexander I of Russia, and King Frederick William III and Queen Louise of Prussia in Tilsit.

The Global Reach of the Napoleonic Wars

Review of The Napoleonic Wars: A Global History, by Alexander Mikaberidze (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)
… impact outside Europe than in it, he nevertheless makes a compelling case for viewing these wars as events of truly … rest of the world in a breathtakingly wide span of case studies ranging from Chile to Japan . These case studies … campaigns, particularly in 1805-1806, but Mikaberidze points out that the anti-French powers were even more …
Cover of Fears of a Setting Sun: The Disillusionment of America's Founders by Dennis C. Rasmussen

Such a Disappointment

Review of Fears of a Setting Sun: The Disillusionment of America’s Founders, by Dennis C. Rasmussen (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2021)
… by the idea that the present seems pretty terrible in comparison with the past, even if that past is mythic or not … thing, and Rasmussen pairs each founder with a particular complaint. For Washington, it was partisanship. Even as he … lived longer he might have only grown gloomier. It probably comes as less of a surprise that John Adams disapproved. He …