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Good Guys and Bad Guys with Guns: Gun Control in Canada and the U.S.

… Vickers, the man responsible for security at the House of Commons, with taking down the gunman. Commentators not … only intended to prevent the government from disarming soldiers. Yet the body was unable to pass any new laws to … great American gun debate. A Look Forward Predicting the future is tricky business, especially since history can …
A Soviet junior political officer urges Soviet troops forward against German positions, 1942

Operation Barbarossa

… and the simultaneous purges, officers were rushed into commission; in 1941, only half had completed any formal … the annihilation of hundreds of thousands of Soviet soldiers. The Soviet Union suffered an average of 46,000 … population and a staggering 16 percent of the USSR’s would die , mostly in the titanic struggle between Hitler and …

Syria's Islamic Movement and the 2011-12 Uprising

… population walked out of the Istanbul meeting as well, complaining that the SNC had no intention of setting up a … the proposed Transitional Authority in Syria, evoked the medieval Islamic ceremony of swearing public allegiance to the … that their interests would be accorded greater attention in future. Syria in the Context of the Arab Spring Islamist …

The Summer of ’10: Federal Power, Local Autonomy, and the Struggle over Immigration Policy

… Mexican-American Legal Defense Fund and others had already commenced litigation. As summarized by the United States in … population; 2) expanded but not unlimited opportunities for future, lawful immigration, both to reunify families and … center of public opinion: some legalization, some enhanced "future flows," and meaningful enforcement of laws capable of …
The defendants in the dock at the International Military Tribunal. They were organized in the dock according to the importance of their positions in the Nazi leadership.

The Nuremberg Judgment

… alternate judge John Parker, French judge Henri Donnedieu de Vabres, French alternate judge Robert Falco. As the … from its worst impulses—how to create a new international community based on “respect for the human person” and belief … event. The judgment would surely have implications for the future of international law. But what were they? How would …
The Works Progress Administration employed some Spanish-Americans from New Mexico, as seen here, to work in road gangs.

When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America

Review of When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America , by Ira Katznelson (W.W. Norton & Company, New York, 2005), preface, appendix, index, 238 pp.
… When Affirmative Action Was White concludes with the recommendation that contemporary American policymakers deal … action. Relying heavily on Johnson's 1965 Howard University Commencement Address, the author posits that the 37th … over affirmative action will diminish in the near future. When Affirmative Action Was White offers much for …
Ivan Aivazovsky, a Native of Feodosia, Crimea, is known as one of Russia's greatest painters, and one of the world's best at seascapes. The Battle of Sinop (Russian and Turkish Navies), 1853

Top Ten Origins: Stories from Crimea

… The Crimea that most people have come to know is a peninsula occupied by Russian forces, … Crimea to Russia, as the ancient site where, according to medieval Russian documents, Prince Vladimir “the Baptist” … the modern nursing profession while serving British soldiers. 6. The Russian Riviera The Hotel Rossiia was the most …

Re-mapping American Politics: The Redistricting Revolution Fifty Years Later

… thereby over-ruling earlier decisions that courts were not competent to decide such political questions. Two years … that balance shifted somewhat. If Southern blacks in the future were to gain greater access to the ballot, … differ somewhat between federal and state legislative bodies, but the basic rules (reapportion after every census …
The Rodina crew. Left to right: Polina Osipenko, Valentina Grizodubova, and Marina Raskova.

The Rodina Flight

The Remarkable Story of the Women’s Non-Stop Long-Distance Flight Record
… miles in a straight line).  Plans for the women’s flight commenced three months earlier in August 1938. Valeriy … date to late September. By the time she recovered, a state commission recommended canceling the flight due to poor … 15. Shevchenko, Nikolay, “How Three Soviet Women Nearly Died Chasing their Aviation Dream, Gateway to Russia , …
Under Attlee's direction, the Labour Party's position on foreign affairs in the 1930s was somewhat inconsistent. A believer in the "collective security" represented by the League of Nations, Attlee opposed rearmament even as he pushed for firmer measures against Nazi aggression.

A Sheep in Sheep’s Clothing

Review of Clement Attlee: The Man Who Made Modern Britain, by John Bew (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2017).
… – the Labour Party emerged from the 1945 election with a commanding majority in the House of Commons – Attlee achieved what no other Labour leader had … to resume power again in the not-too-distant future. For his part, Attlee remained the leader of the …
Opening ceremonies of the 1896 Olympics

Revival and Reinvention: the Olympic Games, Athens 1896

… 1896, participants from 14 countries converged on Athens to compete in a festival that was simultaneously ancient and … velodrome, shooting gallery, and seating for the swimming competitions) saw the staging of 45 events ranging from … with fewer cities submitting bids to serve as hosts for future events. Nevertheless, the Games’ longevity — …
A memorial dedicated to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War (1941-45) in Yaroslavl.

From Kulikovo Field to Kursk: Russia’s Forever War

Review of Russia: The Story of War, by Gregory Carleton (Cambridge, MA and London: Belknap/Harvard University Press, 2017)
… Further away from the city center, a sprawling memorial complex known as Victory Park pays homage to Russia’s wars … Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin driving out winged Polish soldiers. From their base in Nizhnii Novgorod, Pozharsky and … have themselves internalized.” He succeeds brilliantly in immersing the reader in the centuries-long development of …
A portrait of Martin Luther King, Jr.

The Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

… Memphis, a pall of shock and sadness blanketed the black community. Anguish soon turned to anger. Fearing a riot, the … by violence. And so it had to be the fire this time. A soldier standing guard following riots in Washington, D.C. … while he was alive declared the movement over when he died. A pin for the Poor People's Campaign showing Dr. …
George Holliday's footage of Rodney King being beaten by police in 1991

The 1992 Los Angeles Rebellion: “No Justice, No Peace”

… evidence of the LAPD’s excessive use of force and confirmed complaints of police brutality made by black and Latino … of the 1960s, this was a multiracial rebellion. Studies found that 50.6 percent of those arrested were Latino … focused on the ways that law enforcement could control future civil unrest. While Mayor Bradley promoted economic …
Buildings along a waterfront in China

China and Africa: Historical Perspectives on a Rising Power

… first forged during an earlier era of Sino-American competition. Yet looking at Chinese engagement in Africa … Title VI grant to The Ohio State University East Asian Studies Center, the Goldberg Center for Teaching Excellence in … buying in the g7 countries, as they kind of flesh out their future plans. And the person writes, when they worked at the …

All Politics is Local: Understanding Boko Haram

… The consensus among many academics, journalists, and commentators is that Boko Haram is an Islamist organization … the most powerful person in Borno. Muhammad al-Kanami died in 1838, and was succeeded by his sons. The last of … it would reach a widespread and linguistically diverse audience. According to Paul Newman, who is among the foremost …
A COVID-19 antigen testing center in Warora, Maharashtra, India.

The Deep Roots of India’s COVID-19 Crisis

… patients’ access to lifesaving medical assistance, all compounded by the emergence of a new variant that may be … to challenge the underlying health inequities that have become so glaringly apparent in India’s second coronavirus … health services for all people, is the only way to combat future pandemics and prevent the scale of tragedy we are …

Down and Out (Again): America’s Long Struggle with Mass Unemployment

… Accurate employment statistics for the period are hard to come by, but according to some accounts, the national … the unemployed. In some cities, mayors established these bodies. Elsewhere, they were founded and run by private … committee to study how the United States could stave off future economic downturns. By the end of the 1920s, the …

The Road to Same-Sex Marriage: Lesbian Mothers, Gay Fathers, and the American Family

… of Lesbians and Gays Everywhere—organizations that had come out of gay-father activism of the 1980s—wrote a brief … with children have laid the groundwork for what has now become a central focus on domestic and family rights in the … characterized by a mixture of hope for a different kind of future and anxieties about the impact that their sexuality …
We Are Our Mountains (Tatik u Papik) Monument, Stepanakert.

A Postcard from Nagorno-Karabakh

… historical monuments and churches.  Sadly, it has become the center of a major feud between Armenians and … citizen even boasted of the low unemployment in Karabakh compared to neighboring Armenia. Nagorno-Karabakh is home to … of Vazgen Sargsyan, Karabakh War military commander and the future Prime Minister of Armenia. Gagik Avsharyan T-72 Tank …
John Filo's iconic photograph of Mary Ann Vecchio kneeling over the body of Jeffrey Miller

Kent State after Fifty Years

… antiwar movement, Black Power, and the generation gap had come even to Ohio. As the iconoclastic journalist I.F. Stone … Guard moved on campus and pushed students from the central Commons back toward the dorms. Having done so, the Guard’s … back at the Guard. Some chucked rocks; others jeered the soldiers. Many students described the atmosphere as almost …
June 4th, 2014, at Hong Kong’s Victoria Park (Photo by the author)

Remembering Tiananmen: The View from Hong Kong

… In between memory and forgetting, there is commemoration . On June 4, 1989 a protest in Beijing’s … But even those who survived would remember that they studied to “save the nation” ( jiuguo ). The students of 1989 … To this day the judgment of the Party stands: PLA soldiers were martyred suppressing “counterrevolutionary …

Currency Wars, or Why You Should Care About the Global Struggle Over the Value of Money

… the late 1990s and Argentina in the early 2000s. Various studies have found that currency appreciation played a role in … contained. Trade in East Asia was fueled in part by silver coins from Mexico. Prior to the Meiji Restoration of 1868 in … inaccurately to trade protectionism. Despite being refuted again and again by economists and historians, this …