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… avoid the army by hiring a substitute or paying $350 — big money back then. The wealthy could buy their way out of … draft exemption for college students. At the time, family income was the largest single determinant of who attended … economic sacrifices by the nation and its citizens. The money for bombs, more intelligence personnel, an Office of …

… Once part of the Russian Empire of the tsars and then the Communist Soviet Union, Kazakhstan has been independent … of Kazakhstan” that has produced an online atlas of sites of historical, cultural, and religious significance. … horror stories from older inhabitants about the bomb tests. One recalled how they were warned to stay outside the …

… interests in the U.S. textbook publishing business. Liberal commentators and religious libertarians denounced the … op-ed essays to several hundred newspapers and news Web sites, including the History News Network.  For example, … of Area 51 and the "truth" about Dealey Plaza and 9/11.  As one long-time journalist recently put it, in some places on …

… resulting in a ceasefire with the Germans. Observers questioned how the Allies could win the war, and expected conflict … of 1918, then nuanced chapters examining the major combatants in technology, logistics, and intelligence, … portions of French countryside at the cost of over one million causalities. The Allied armies bent under …

… how interconnected each empire was and how intricate and complex politics were in West Africa during this period. He … shows how useful and important oral histories can be.  One possible obstacle that might trip up non-specialist … century.” This can cause confusion for the reader, but one can understand the logic, as West African empires were, …

… ill-fated revolution that ended with the re-imposition of Communist rule and the flight of some 200,000 Hungarians to … the withdrawal of the Soviet military, which had been stationed in Hungary since 1944. Since his Hungarian Communist … the revolution. Imre Nagy and other top-ranking Hungarian officials who had sympathized with the revolution were …

… RSF as terrorists. Yasir al-Atta, the Sudanese army deputy commander, said in an interview on August 3, 2024, that the … the Fulbe, who had been migrating to the eastern Sudanic zone east of the Shari River from the 16th century on, and … writer al-Sadiq al Raziqui wrote on Al-Jazeera’s website that mercenaries returning from  Yemen in 2019 were …

… a U.S. audience on the British welfare state, was asked to comment on the American “welfare state.” Explaining that the … contemporary political parlance. To answer that question, one might look briefly at what happened to the Western … such as the United States, Western models are not the only ones that deserve serious attention. However, the failure of …

… the first to use it, we had adopted an ethical standard common to the barbarians of the Dark Ages. I was not taught … with Tibbets's defense of the atomic bomb. To give but one example: Responding to a journalist's question in 1995 about what he would have done had he been in Truman's shoes, Joseph O'Donnell, a …

… allows us to reflect on such important ideas as justice, communal violence, and political legitimacy. Like any civil … centralized their authority, many in Creek country questioned the new government’s legitimacy. Differing notions of … a tract larger than the size of modern Portugal. American officials, citing the “unprovoked, inhuman, and sanguinary …

… Since the economic crisis we’re now in is being compared to the Great Depression, the solutions being … was largely unraveled, and government tax policy shifted money from the middle class to the wealthiest. Since 1980 the … savings and loan industry, and two devastating downturns, one in the early 1980s and the one we’re in right now.   …

… relationship with the larger world. The result is a compelling, albeit incomplete, portrait of politics in a … extreme. However, it is in this context, Karsh argues, that one must understand the Arab rejection of the Jewish right … cause" of the Middle East's problems, whereas it is merely one symptom of the larger struggle between Islam and …

… in biomedicine in recent years. Three of our “deadly companions.” Poliovirus ( left ), Influenza ( center ), and … industry after only a matter of months. But Siena was just one part of the story. Elsewhere in Europe, the larger-scale … bacillus as the cause of the pandemic led public health officials on a futile search for a flawed therapeutic to …

… pay for everything from hospital visits to prescriptions, one needs health insurance. Of the country’s entire … by various government policies of the twentieth century. In one of the final chapters, the author outlines how the state … that translates to the future of American health care comes in his final chapter. “Health care cannot function,” …

… thus passed into the language to refer to someone with no competence or apparent purpose. It turns out, however, that … the rise of the vice president as heir apparent (someone qualified to direct foreign policy if the president dies …

… Stalingrad’s Soviet defenders repelled their German opponents—albeit at the cost of almost a million Soviet lives. … Glory, at Mamayev Kurgan, Volgograd, Russia. The monument commemorates those who died defending the city 1942-1943. In … The 85-metre Soviet statue The Motherland Calls , sited on a hill that saw some of the fiercest fighting in …

… for those unfamiliar with such theory. Lienesch's comparisons of the antievolution movement to other social … including Edward Larson's excellent Summer for the Gods , one is left wishing Lienesch had lived up to his original … "Multiple viewpoints," however, is exactly the opposite of what early anti-evolutionists, who Lienesch argues …

… John Ashcroft asks for authority to hold non-citizens incommunicado indefinitely if the government regards them as a … that the current law restricting wiretaps to a specific phone number is obsolete in an age when people commonly  have multiple telephones and e-mail. He argues that the government needs more …

… to start with: What do Americans fund every year at levels comparable to annual budget of the Pentagon? Answer: the … proportion. What the wealthy should do with their money was a subject of considerable discussion – most … for African-American children in the South," he writes at one point, "but were subject to a host of legal hurdles when …

… put Canada at the top of his list. Thus far, however, the incoming administration’s message to Canadians has been … and subtly encouraged Ottawa to extend its commitment.   Nonetheless, Halifax’s public comments ignited a national … French Canadians, think that their country has already done enough in Kandahar and are suspicious of U.S. foreign …

… the idea of a color-blind America. Media pundits and social commentators nationwide claimed that Obama's election … policies that address racism and inopportunity because everyone, regardless of race or ethnicity, has an equal chance … achieve more, and how his particular strategy might be revisited to meet the continuing problems of urban decline and …

… hunted EVERYDAY/EVERYTIME we step foot outside the comfort of our homes! Can't even go for a damn jog man! Like … for both integrated and segregated teams, in Sol White's Official Baseball Guide (1907). When the National Football … country searching for competition, bragging rights, and money. Without a league or association, this erratic schedule …

… River, for instance, contained tools covered in scales and bone fragments, shedding light on Paleolithic fish … Some of the earliest evidence of Homo sapien s fishing comes from Central Africa where catfish were captured using … of budding ocean fishing, discarding over 38,000 fish bones that revealed their preference for skipjack tuna. Many …

… In the warm early autumn months of 2019, I visited Northern Pakistan to trek in the shadows of some of … of only 0.75 years of schooling during their lifetime as compared to rural boys who receive 10.76 years. Further, … questions in front of me, but as I approached them one-by-one, they were eager to show me their textbooks and …