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… in 2003. Mars, the red planet so close to Earth, has become a tantalizing target for humans to visit. Noted space … today, we mostly hear about two rovers that trawl small zones of the planet: the Opportunity rover that exceeded a … below. Strange features were popping up above the dust in one area. When the dust began to recede, to scientists' …

… shot and killed the archduke and heir to the Austrian throne, Franz Ferdinand, and his wife, Sophie, at point-blank … of the Marne. Both sides then dug in along what would become the great Western Front, a series of trenches extending … terrorist act that provoked World War I anticipated the toll it ultimately would take. Most assumed that whatever …

… of nineteenth-century America, is instructing an audience of women, as well as men, on the meaning of a revival … Tocqueville noted in the 1830s, Americans are renowned for combining “separation of church and state” with intense, … ground for men, preventing women from using their moral superiority to call for equal partnership within the home. …

… 1946-1948, around 1,500 people in Guatemala—including prisoners, soldiers, prostitutes, psychiatric patients, and children—were … and the Pan American Sanitary Bureau (which would later become the Pan American Health Organization) financed and … Milestones …

… inventing new “nukes” and new ways to deliver them. He felt compelled to build almost all of them, lest the Russians get … plan, and his summit meetings with Khrushchev all had one goal in mind: to convince the allies that the … have to be paid. Ira Chernus is a professor of religious studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder and a writer …

… united in a struggle for civil and political rights, they comprise various tribal affiliations and speak different … “peacock people” due to Melek Taus, the “Peacock Angel,” one of the central figures in their faith. While … writer Khachatur Abovian was the founder of Kurdish Studies in Russia. Educated at Dorpat (present-day Tartu, …

… take care of everything. This economic formula was fashioned most thoroughly by economist Milton Friedman in the … They have imagined that era as a golden age of free-market competition and laissez-faire government.  Many of these … guards, federal troops.  They got it. Far from "leaving alone," government intervened in the economy during the late …

… take care of everything. This economic formula was fashioned most thoroughly by economist Milton Friedman in the … They have imagined that era as a golden age of free-market competition and laissez-faire government.  Many of these … guards, federal troops.  They got it. Far from "leaving alone," government intervened in the economy during the late …

… magazine. She went on to Smith College, where she studied psychology and completed a year of graduate work at the University of … against women in business and the professions and mentioned the need for maternity leave and childcare facilities, … Milestones …

… that government has been operating as a “deep state” gone “ rogue ,” in the words of recent legislation seeking to … a year into Trump’s second term, his own supporters have become suspicious that even his Justice Department has joined … threat to the government but as the government itself, embodied in administrators, supported by the Democratic Party, …

… to expand NATO is based on an outdated crusade against communism, a crusade launched against the Soviet Union in … even handling the tiny Baltic state of Lithuania, let alone dominating the Great Power club. In 1945, that club … NATO. Politicians and diplomats may make bad treaties, and one day the authors of expansionist military plans may have …

… peaceful civilians in Punjab were shot by British soldiers under the command of the now infamous “Butcher of Amritsar.” British … the square after offering prayers at the Golden Temple. Colonel Reginald Dyer, an “old India hand,” who was born and … Milestones …

… avoid the army by hiring a substitute or paying $350 — big money back then. The wealthy could buy their way out of … manufacturers who overcharged taxpayers and cost many soldiers their lives. Like these divisive measures, the current … draft exemption for college students. At the time, family income was the largest single determinant of who attended …

… bin Laden himself, are in that area. For the international community to finish off al-Qaida, uninterrupted cooperation … weapons in 1998 and possess effective missile capability. One nuclear strike could kill millions and bring about a … for amicable relations between India and Pakistan. This is one of many steps that will be needed to achieve peace in …

… interests in the U.S. textbook publishing business. Liberal commentators and religious libertarians denounced the … of Area 51 and the "truth" about Dealey Plaza and 9/11.  As one long-time journalist recently put it, in some places on … viably onto the Web and into mobile digital applications.  One approach has been new collaborations with other news …

… Once part of the Russian Empire of the tsars and then the Communist Soviet Union, Kazakhstan has been independent … horror stories from older inhabitants about the bomb tests. One recalled how they were warned to stay outside the … the Abai Mausoleum (right). Nearby is a granite stone marking the center of the continental area of Eurasia, …

… resulting in a ceasefire with the Germans. Observers questioned how the Allies could win the war, and expected conflict … of 1918, then nuanced chapters examining the major combatants in technology, logistics, and intelligence, … portions of French countryside at the cost of over one million causalities. The Allied armies bent under …

… colonial era has been relegated to the periphery of most studies of this period. In African Dominion: A New History of … how interconnected each empire was and how intricate and complex politics were in West Africa during this period. He … shows how useful and important oral histories can be.  One possible obstacle that might trip up non-specialist …

… A commemorative 1965 Iraqi stamp marking the 45th anniversary … brought together Sunnis and Shi'is , elites and commoners, city dwellers and tribespeople. It caught the British … several strategically situated southern towns. Captured soldiers were treated leniently, even as retreating British …