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Upon the Altar of the Nation: A Moral History of the Civil War, by Harry S. Stout Book cover.

Upon the Altar of the Nation: A Moral History of the Civil War

Review of Upon the Altar of the Nation: A Moral History of the Civil War, by Harry S. Stout (New York: Viking, 2006)
… 24,000 casualties, yet religious leaders only became more committed to their crusades and more strident in their … moral document. As the country suffered, Lincoln paved the way for reunification by reshaping his civil religion. In … priests," used the specter of a terrorist threat to target civilian property, and covered its "moral flanks" by …
The logo for the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.

Genocide and Justice in Rwanda

… The logo for the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. On … of criminal responsibility imposed by the international community for the commission of mass atrocities. Yet, … Punishment of the Crime of Genocide defined genocide in a way that imposes a significant burden on the prosecution. …
Harry Beck’s London Underground Railway map, designed in 1931 and released to the public in 1933.

All Aboard!: A Train Ride through the British Twentieth Century in 100 Maps

Review of A History of the Twentieth Century in 100 Maps, by Tim Bryars and Tom Harper (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2014)
… Welcome aboard the train, British History ! In preparation for … intricacy of the network connecting the German trenches together (as mapped out on p.56-7). Although the train has … created by the ongoing conflict between our alliance railway, the United States, and our nemesis, the Soviet Union , …
The Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, Ukraine.

Rus not Russia

… a scintillating read, it lays out his underlying rationale for the war, and thus we need to understand the history he … France, the German Empire, Hungary, Poland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire, as … not acknowledge. Rusian pilgrims travelled to Santiago de Compostela in northern Iberia, as we see from the …
Mosaics from the apse in the Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna. Justinian is the figure in the center. The mosaics were completed in 547 CE.

The Justinianic Plague

… The “Justinianic Plague” is the popular name for a pandemic of bubonic plague in the Late Roman or … Justinian is the figure in the center. The mosaics were completed in 547 CE. Because there have been multiple … his narrative aligns with Procopius’ account in interesting ways; it’s clear that they are both discussing the same …
Logo of the Merida Initiative.

War on Drugs: What Won’t Work — Again

… administration has touted the aid package as a major step forward in the fight against the drug trade. As currently … are ruthlessly terrorizing Nuevo Laredo and other border communities. In the past, though, security-first strategies … ensuring that coca cultivation remains the most profitable way for poor farmers to support their families. Coca farming …
Santorum speaking in Des Moines, Iowa in 2011

Rick Santorum Misunderstands Both Kennedy and Religious Pluralism

… suggested that Kennedy’s Catholicism should disqualify him for the presidency, Kennedy confronted the role of religion … the public acts of its officials.”   Kennedy affirmed his commitment to an America that is “officially neither … “the Scriptures” for the teaching that “when a man’s ways please the Lord . . . he maketh even his enemies to be …
The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks' declaration from Flag Day 1919 that forbade membership in the organization to anarchists, Industrial Workers of the World, Bolsheviks, and other organizations perceived as unpatriotic.

Sanitizing American Tradition

Review of Inventing American Tradition: From the Mayflower to Cinco de Mayo, by Jack David Eller (London: Reaktion Books, 2018)
… of my captive audience to rehearse the impressions I was forming of the book which is the subject of this review: … as a jingoistic celebration of the flag. Perhaps the most compelling stories Eller tells come in the political and … since Eller is an anthropologist. Still, the book does not get off on the right foot. It begins with a daunting …
Mr. Ernesto Zedillo, Chair GDN Board of Directors, kicks off the 10th annual GDN conference.

Broken Promises in Mexico

… were found floating down rivers, scattered along roadways, and tossed into trash dumpsters. When all else fails, … Independent labor and peasant organizers are frequently targeted for harassment by security forces and human rights … harsh realities of Mexican politics during his upcoming visit.  To champion President Zedillo as an agent of change, …
Hiroshima after the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city.

Terrorism: A New Kind of War?

… as war. What shocks us most about terrorism is that it targets civilians. That innocent men, women and children are … the recent attacks on New York City and Washington were committed by a transnational organization. But it is hard to … treating terrorism as the act of war it truly is and always has been, instead of as a “mere” criminal action. Stacy …
Philippoteaux - Lamartine in front of the Town Hall of Paris rejects the red flag.

The Challenges of 1848 Reprised in the Middle East Today

… Some pundits have compared the recent uprisings in the Middle East to the … and one-party "republics" of the modern Middle East had forerunners in the kingdoms and empires that ruled in Europe … governments. France's revolutionary republic quickly gave way to the dictatorship of Louis Napoleon. French and …
The National Crest of Transnistria.

Transnistria: The History Behind the Russian-backed Region

… Ukrainian border to the east lies the self-proclaimed breakaway state of Transnistria. The Pridnestrovian Moldovan … five to ten individuals planted 12 anti-tank mines at a telecommunications complex, destroying two large radio antennas. … ineffectiveness of the attacks and the strange choice of targets makes it unlikely that Kyiv ordered the strikes. For
President Ronald Reagan sitting in the Oval Office Study in 1985.

Misremembering Reagan

… McCain, they charge, has betrayed the Reaganite faith by compromising these very ideals.For months Republican … conservatives proclaim their support for balanced budgets and decry deficit spending. However, the former … raised taxes by $164 billion as of 1992. Put another way, that amount equals about $300 billion in today’s …
Caster Semenya at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Woman, Man, Neither? The Predicament of a World-Class Runner

… ignorance and confusion surrounding intersex. Doctors and informed lay people no longer use the word hermaphrodite … and disgusting imperfections.”   Intersex bodies have always aroused suspicion. But many people’s distrust of them … go either way. All it took was the parents’ unwavering commitment toward raising either a boy or a girl, and this …
The theatrical poster for Birth of a Nation.

3/25/2015: At the Movies: "Birth of a Nation" After 100 Years

… The Clansman portrays the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) as an avenging force, hooded heroes saving the South from newly freed and empowered black citizens. For example, the African American Silas Lynch is a scheming, … father was a Confederate veteran. This shaped the way he characterized southern defeat and its societal …
A group of Kyiv civilians gather in a basement downtown to make Molotov Cocktails to be used against Russian troops in Kyiv, Ukraine, 2022.

Ukraine in War and Revolution

… state was “entirely created” by the Bolsheviks after the communist seizure of power in 1917 as part of Lenin’s … period of war and revolution not only shows us that Putin gets his history backwards, but also that there are other … intervention in 1918 reminds us that Great Powers are always important actors in periods of decolonization and …
Senator Fred Thompson at the Chattanooga Summit in 1996.

Back to the Future of Fund-Raising Scandals

… with a fund-raising scandal in his own campaign by calling for a reform of the system. Teddy Roosevelt beat him by 92 … Now Sen. Fred Thompson, R-Tenn., who chairs the Senate committee looking into Clinton’s fund-raising, has joined … on the funding of his presidential race. What we tend to forget today is that he had something to testify about. …

'The World's Worst Humanitarian Crisis': Understanding the Darfur Conflict

For the past four years, the remote Sudanese region of … called it "genocide." The violence and destruction is often compared to the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. These tragic events … northern part of Darfur is a desert that extends all the way to the Egyptian and Libyan borders. Crop farming is the …
Kagan, Obama, and Roberts before her investiture ceremony, October 1, 2010.

How Empathy Makes Superior Judges – and Justice

… In voting on President Obama’s nomination of Elena Kagan for the Supreme Court this week, senators should consider … to the Supreme Court.   T.R. recognized that those who become judges invariably have had close association with … the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone.” By viewing the world from …
Cover of Civilizations of Ancient Iraq, by Benjamin R. Foster and Karen Polinger Foster.

Babylon Revisited

Review of Civilizations of Ancient Iraq, by Benjamin R. Foster and Karen Polinger Foster (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. pp. xii, 297)
… owes much to ancient Iraq. It was here that the earliest form of writing was developed, which produced the world's … some ten thousand years ago to the seventh century of the common era. They tell the stories of successive … Chapter six details the rule of the Kassites, who in many ways continued the practices established by the Amorites and …
U.S. Marine Barracks in Lebanon

Ten Terrorists Attacks in History

… or military significance to a focus on softer, civilian targets.  1. In the Beginning: The People’s Will (Left): … by failing to address the problems in Russian society that compelled the radicals to violence, Russian leaders … for the ongoing occupation of Palestine, but in some ways was counterproductive.  It resulted in strong …
Karzai with former US President George W. Bush and wife Laura Bush at Camp David in 2007.

Keep Karzai in the Loop

… secret, backdoor negotiations with the Taliban be useful for the United States?   The experience of an earlier war … shown the agreement, he felt presented with a fait accompli and refused to consent.   Believing that he had been … Karzai in the loop. While the Afghan President has not always been viewed as a reliable ally, he must play a …
Destruction in San Francisco after the 1906 earthquake.

Another Pearl Harbor? Not by a Longshot

… episodes of national trauma and managed to persevere. Unfortunately, in the case of Tuesday’s horrific acts of … Still, some have tried. The most irresistible historical comparison is to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on … here. These acts of terrorism are unprecedented in every way imaginable. That’s the most terrifying thing of all. …