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Portrait of Francisco Franco in 1964 from Biblioteca Virtual de Defensa

The Death of Franco

… political transition that followed under the supervision of King Juan Carlos, whom the dictator had selected as his personal successor. Working together behind closed doors, these transitional elites …
Cartoon by Ali Delim in honor of 20th anniversary of Said Mekbel’s killing. The cartoon reads: “Said Mekbel in Heaven for journalists. Here it is not the quills that are missing.” (Cartoon used with permission)

1/30/2015: The Dangers of Being a Humorist: Charlie Hebdo Is Not Alone

… Islamist group that the military had kept from taking power in January 1992. He underscored as well what he … But not only did the rebelling armies target humorists for assassination, surviving death lists that the militants had … lists makes clear that the insurgents prioritized attacking artists whose work resonated with the population and …
Buildings along a waterfront in China

China and Africa: Historical Perspectives on a Rising Power

… during an earlier era of Sino-American competition. Yet looking at Chinese engagement in Africa over the last 50 years … open things up for discussion. If you're interested in asking a question, please write it in the Q&A function at the … and the policy rhetoric coming out of Beijing. So after taking power on the mainland, the Chinese Communist Party …

Hong Kong in Protest

… on June 9, demonstrations grew to over a million people, making them the largest protests in decades. Over the summer, … Xiuquan, the leader of the iconoclastic Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and proclaimed brother of Jesus Christ, set about … The war devastated China, pushing the Qing to their breaking point and costing between 20 and 30 million lives. …
 SPLM rally in Southern Sudan, 2010. (Image by U.S. Institute of Peace)

Tribal Militias in Sudan

… civil war, but exacerbated it by arming Muslim, Arabic-speaking tribal militias (the Missiriya, the Rizeigat, and the … places, historic enmities persisted between Arabic-speaking settlers and southern tribes. Armed with the latest … notorious for many human rights violations such as the assassination of critical Fertit and Dinka tribal leaders as …
The Discovery of Mankind: Atlantic Encounters in the Ages of Columbus, by David Abulafia Book Cover

The Old World Meets the Neolithic Age

Review of The Discovery of Mankind: Atlantic Encounters in the Ages of Columbus, by David Abulafia (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008)
… rather than the wealthy, sophisticated and islamized kingdoms of West Africa, prepared Europeans for the shock of …
wind turbines

Energy Policy: How is the “Long Transition” from Fossil Fuels Doing?

… politics have made a difference in energy policy-making since the 1970s, shaping the long transition in new … (supply).   Continuing technological breakthroughs  (fracking and horizontal drilling) enabled them to do just that … While other nations pushed back against using fracking, U.S. production became relevant again. So American …
Greek troops with a machine gun during the war

The Greco-Turkish War

… sailor described it watching from the deck of the HMS King George: “There were the most awful screams one could …
Scene in Ukraine

Ukraine, In a Nutshell

Review of The Conflict in Ukraine: What Everyone Needs to Know, by Serhy Yekelchyk (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015).
… Sea region, and for any government official tasked with working on the issues in that troubled part of the world. A … to make their own informed answer. So, along with Charles King’s The Black Sea , Andrew Wilson’s The Ukrainians: …
Hubert Robert's 1785 painting "Fire in Rome," showing the events of 64 CE.

The Ancient Roman Origins of Government Disaster Response

… work ahead of schedule. Relief showing an earthquake striking the forum of Pompeii, House of Caecilius Iucundus, … he accepted nothing from any private citizen or city or king, although many kept offering and promising him large … to disaster demonstrates that the social network is working as designed. In Roman disaster response, emperors …
Women working at a farm at Lamas district in Peru, 2014. (Photo by CIF Action)

Reforming Peruvian Agriculture, Again

… Andes, in the city of Puno, U.S. researchers have begun working with the National University of the Altiplano (UNA) to … ancestors,” they wrote. Yet during the colonial era, the King of Spain had granted the lands to Spanish military … achieve what some have called the ‘Green Revolution.’” Looking for International Help In further pursuit of green …

Pandemics: Today and Yesterday

… showing where cholera was thought to spread. The "Court for King Cholera" was the slums, largely due to overcrowding and … has made the death toll from COVID-19 feel all the more shocking. Yet scientists are optimistic about the current …
Malawi

A Postcard from Livingstonia, Malawi

… the rainy season, the road's stones become very slippery, making transportation difficult. The Gordon Road between Lake … is perfectly pure and has special properties: anyone drinking it will be healed from diseases and even relieved from … the world, including the United States and the United Kingdom. Daily Life and Cuisine in Livingstonia The majority …

Original Origins

… An Archeological Dig in Israel  [PDF] The Man Who Would Be King  [PDF] Volume II, No. 3, Autumn 1994 [ View pdf .] …

Russia, Gay Rights, and the Sochi Olympics

… found nothing unusual about Russia’s new law. In the United Kingdom, homosexuality was only decriminalized in 1967. Two … well in Russian society. The new Russian legislation is striking in large part because it underscores the diverging … is to examine the fundamentally different ways of thinking about rights and the individual’s relation to society …
Cover of Trotsky A Biography by Robert Service.

Trotsky: A Biography

Review of Trotsky: A Biography, by Robert Service (Cambridge, MA, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2009)
… had served as Vladimir Lenin's (1870-1924) successor. Taking Trotsky's post-exile criticisms of Stalinism at … History at Oxford University, counters such speculative thinking with his new biography on Trotsky. Coming after his … which covers Trotsky's years in exile, from 1929 until his assassination in Mexico in 1940. During this time Trotsky …

The Long Legacy of World War I

… London Evening News . This was brought to the attention of King George V, who issued a proclamation calling for the … of the war. Austro-Hungarian posters from 1916-1918 asking citizens to take out war loans to support the war … from the United States served the ancillary purpose of linking the U.S. economy directly to the allied cause—to …
Cover of A Wicked Company The Forgotten Radicalism of the European Enlightenment by Philipp Blom.

Dangerous (Thinking) Liaisons

Review of A Wicked Company: The Forgotten Radicalism of the European Enlightenment, by Philipp Blom (New York: Basic Books, 2010)
… created in Napoleon a ruler more absolute than the Bourbon kings, and spawned a Terror greater in scope than that of … Dangerous (Thinking) Liaisons …