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Greek troops with a machine gun during the war

The Greco-Turkish War

… sailor described it watching from the deck of the HMS King George: “There were the most awful screams one could …
Scene in Ukraine

Ukraine, In a Nutshell

Review of The Conflict in Ukraine: What Everyone Needs to Know, by Serhy Yekelchyk (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015).
… Sea region, and for any government official tasked with working on the issues in that troubled part of the world. A … to make their own informed answer. So, along with Charles King’s The Black Sea , Andrew Wilson’s The Ukrainians: …
Hubert Robert's 1785 painting "Fire in Rome," showing the events of 64 CE.

The Ancient Roman Origins of Government Disaster Response

… work ahead of schedule. Relief showing an earthquake striking the forum of Pompeii, House of Caecilius Iucundus, … he accepted nothing from any private citizen or city or king, although many kept offering and promising him large … to disaster demonstrates that the social network is working as designed. In Roman disaster response, emperors …
Women working at a farm at Lamas district in Peru, 2014. (Photo by CIF Action)

Reforming Peruvian Agriculture, Again

… Andes, in the city of Puno, U.S. researchers have begun working with the National University of the Altiplano (UNA) to … ancestors,” they wrote. Yet during the colonial era, the King of Spain had granted the lands to Spanish military … achieve what some have called the ‘Green Revolution.’” Looking for International Help In further pursuit of green …

Pandemics: Today and Yesterday

… showing where cholera was thought to spread. The "Court for King Cholera" was the slums, largely due to overcrowding and … has made the death toll from COVID-19 feel all the more shocking. Yet scientists are optimistic about the current …

Original Origins

… An Archeological Dig in Israel  [PDF] The Man Who Would Be King  [PDF] Volume II, No. 3, Autumn 1994 [ View pdf .] …
Cover of Trotsky A Biography by Robert Service.

Trotsky: A Biography

Review of Trotsky: A Biography, by Robert Service (Cambridge, MA, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2009)
… had served as Vladimir Lenin's (1870-1924) successor. Taking Trotsky's post-exile criticisms of Stalinism at … History at Oxford University, counters such speculative thinking with his new biography on Trotsky. Coming after his … which covers Trotsky's years in exile, from 1929 until his assassination in Mexico in 1940. During this time Trotsky …

Russia, Gay Rights, and the Sochi Olympics

… found nothing unusual about Russia’s new law. In the United Kingdom, homosexuality was only decriminalized in 1967. Two … well in Russian society. The new Russian legislation is striking in large part because it underscores the diverging … is to examine the fundamentally different ways of thinking about rights and the individual’s relation to society …

The Long Legacy of World War I

… London Evening News . This was brought to the attention of King George V, who issued a proclamation calling for the … of the war. Austro-Hungarian posters from 1916-1918 asking citizens to take out war loans to support the war … from the United States served the ancillary purpose of linking the U.S. economy directly to the allied cause—to …
Cover of A Wicked Company The Forgotten Radicalism of the European Enlightenment by Philipp Blom.

Dangerous (Thinking) Liaisons

Review of A Wicked Company: The Forgotten Radicalism of the European Enlightenment, by Philipp Blom (New York: Basic Books, 2010)
… created in Napoleon a ruler more absolute than the Bourbon kings, and spawned a Terror greater in scope than that of … … Intellectual History … Early Modern … Dangerous (Thinking) Liaisons …
General Edmund Allenby entering Jerusalem on December 11, 1917. Allenby dismounted as a sign of respect for the holy city.

The Collapse of Ottoman Power

Review of The Fall of the Ottomans: The Great War in the Middle East, by Eugene Rogan (New York: Basic Books, 2015)
… fire on a Russian gunboat and a mine-laying vessel. The sinking of two Russian ships by a German taskforce under the … with the goal of overcoming the Turkish defenses blocking naval access to the Black Sea. Dominion soldiers on the … The hopes that allied strategists once entertained of knocking the Ottoman Empire out of the war with a single …
man with giant crab

A Tale of Two Fisheries: Fishing and Over-Fishing in American Waters

… for their own citizens. Many were also interested in making fishing within their EEZs sustainable by placing limits … for conservation. If one fisher voluntarily refrains from taking as many fish as possible, another fisher—lacking any legal or moral restraints on his or her …
Two women in black hijab in Yemen

Yemen: Inside The Forgotten War

… feature article, Yemen: A Civil War Centuries in the Making , by Dr Asher Orkaby. For more coverage of the Middle … many other policy publications. Thank you so much for speaking with us today, Professor Orkaby. Dr. Asher Orkaby: My … of political violence, I would frame it as four interlocking struggles or four interlocking conflicts. So Asher is …
A COVID-19 antigen testing center in Warora, Maharashtra, India.

The Deep Roots of India’s COVID-19 Crisis

… 400,000 daily and the healthcare system reaches its breaking point, patients are left scrambling to find oxygen, … There are plenty of immediate reasons for this heartbreaking tragedy, and chief among them is a failure of … administrators feared the prospect of epidemic disease breaking out in the military, the cornerstone of imperial …
View of the Solovetskii Monastery.

A Postcard from Solovki

… man discusses cameras with a young photographer taking “art” photos. And then, about an hour and half into the … as it plowed the waters to Solovki, I couldn’t stop thinking that these two men so many centuries before had rowed … asks, “What would make someone leave life behind, seeking an existence of unremitting toil and prayer, where …
US Marines fight rebellious Boxers outside Beijing Legation Quarter, 1900 – copy of painting by Sergeant John Clymer

The Boxer Rebellion

… served as bases for  Christian  missionaries, who were making progress in converting some local Chinese. Many Chinese … he did not refer to it specifically, Mao was indirectly invoking the Boxer Protocols as the imperial subjugation China … seeks to reclaim its historical identity as the “central kingdom” and project influence across Asia and the world. …
Nationalist poster depicting Pakistani atrocities during the war

The Bangladesh Liberation War

… Gandhi. Pakistan preempted Indian action, however, by attacking northern India from West Pakistan on December 3. Map of … who aided the Pakistani army, or who were involved in the assassination of Mujib in 1975, have served in the …

Clash in the Caucasus: Georgia, Russia, and the Fate of South Ossetia

… Tanks and troops poured across Georgian borders, picking up South Ossetian militia along the way. The Georgian … spilled onto the streets, waving flags, firing guns, and honking car-horns in celebration. The question is what drove … to deal with; and for Ukraine and Kazakhstan, which are seeking closer ties to the West and have large Russian …
NCAA Basketball championship banners.

The Big Business of “Amateur” Intercollegiate Sports

… coaches” to exert pressure to reform the college game. Speaking to a gathering of physical education departments, Boles … Former Columbia University student Reed Harris published King Football: The Vulgarization of the American College … Byers estimated that almost a third of D-I schools were breaking the rules and that illegal payments to athletes were …
Cover of The Young Turks' Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire by Taner Akçam

The Crime That Dare Not Speak Its Name

Review of The Young Turks' Crime against Humanity: The Armenian Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing in the Ottoman Empire, by Taner Akçam (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012)
… and abroad, who have had the courage to privilege truth seeking and challenge the official narrative of the Turkish … a permanent solution to the Armenian problem. A striking and well-developed contribution is Akçam's emphasis on … in Der Zor, Syria occurred (p. 277). One final thought-provoking feature of the book is Akçam's discussion of "cultural …