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Cover of Vodka Politics by Mark Lawrence Schrad

Bottoms Up, or Race to the Bottom?

Review of Vodka Politics: Alcohol, Autocracy, and the Secret History of the Russian State, by Mark Lawrence Schrad (New York: Oxford UP, 2014)
The Second Bank of the United States.

Enron’s Collapse Follows a Familiar Pattern

The crash of Texas-based energy trading corporation Enron is … had lost their deposits, and the federal government was left with a multi-billion dollar cleanup. In the 1990s, … public panicked. People rushed to withdraw their deposits when they realized that overextended banks could not cover …
Schools often have dedicated computer labs which different classes share for studying and research.

The Fifth Wave?

… Is something odd happening to the American economy?        Alan Greenspan, chairman of the … on the short-term market. The problem is the same as it was for railroad executives in 1860 or industrialists in … the do-nothing administration of George Bush). So when Speaker Newt Gingrich talks about “techno-frontiers” …
Cover of With Our Backs to the Wall Victory and Defeat in 1918 by David Stevenson.

The End of the War as They Knew It

Review of With Our Backs to the Wall: Victory and Defeat in 1918, by David Stevenson (Cambridge, M.A.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011)
The year 1917 went badly for the Entente powers ("Allies") … Wilson's terms to the fateful day of September 28, 1918 when Ludendorff suffered a nervous breakdown. Four factors … personal role...the fighting [would not] have ended when and in the circumstances that it did." 6 The military …
The Fire of Rome, 18 July 64 AD, Oil on Canvas, Robert Hubert, 1785. In the Musee des Beaux-Arts Andre Malraux; Le Havre, France.

The Great Fire of Rome

… Mid-July, 64 CE, in the heart of Rome , tragedy struck as fire erupted into a … Referencing the mythical Greek Orpheus, Tacitus wrote, “when people looked back, menacing flames sprang up before … extent and the firefighting techniques implemented. Tacitus was alive during the conflagration unlike Suetonius who was
Tanks rolling off a German assembly line in 1943

The Nature of World War II

… Ernie Pyle sat above a newly constructed port in Sicily—the island near Italy's toe that Anglo-American forces had … eleven months later, the Sicily campaign—Operation Husky—was the largest seaborne invasion in history, involving an … it was also a war that shaped and was shaped by nature. “When we send an expedition to Sicily, where does it begin?” …
US Marines fight rebellious Boxers outside Beijing Legation Quarter, 1900 – copy of painting by Sergeant John Clymer

The Boxer Rebellion

The Boxers, or  Yihequan (“Righteous and Harmonious Fists” … powers had de facto sovereignty over Chinese territory, was one of the most degrading aspects of Western imperialism … foreign delegations that had held out for six weeks. When it became clear that the Eight-nations would take the

'The World's Worst Humanitarian Crisis': Understanding the Darfur Conflict

… For the past four years, the remote Sudanese region of Darfur … and Central African Republic. The population of Darfur was estimated in 2002 at about six million, eighty percent … of Darfur. The Mahdist state ruled the Sudan until 1898 when it was conquered by the Anglo-Egyptian armies. …
Refugees eating lunch outside the barracks.

Waiting in Limbo: Life as a Refugee in Serbia

… Graffiti outside of the Belgrade barracks. I met Jamil in Subotica, Serbia, 15 … Serbia, and after nine failed attempts to enter Hungary, he was growing increasingly hopeless. Jamil is from Swat, … with thermal cameras and alarms that will notify guards when people are approaching. One fence severely restricted …
Mikhail Gorbachev and President Ronald Reagan posing for a photograph in the White House Library.

The American “Nation Building” Mission and Russia

… During this political campaign, which has largely focused on the eye-glazing details of domestic issues, the most … that the Clinton administration had "played like there was reform" in Russia while corrupt Moscow officials … Bush team was too slow to provide substantial financial aid when it would have mattered most, for example, and Clinton …

The Amazon Rainforest under Threat

… On August 21, 2019, #PrayForAmazonas became the top trending hashtag on Twitter after the combination of … resources to fight the fires, concluding that there was little it could do. August 22, 2019 tweet by French … First, however, let’s make it clear exactly what we mean when we use the term “the Amazon.” An animated NASA map …
Image of Pluto from NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft taken on July 13, 2015.

Discovering Pluto

… Percival Lowell was a prominent astronomer of the late 19th and early 20th centuries who believed in the … had meticulously analyzed about one-quarter of the plates when he spotted a faint image flickering in and out of view. …
Taylor Swift at the 2014 Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art

2/12/2015: Top Ten Origins: Oscar Dresses and Women’s Fashion

… Raise your hand if you watch the annual Oscar awards primarily for the fashion show, not … mimicked the look of women in ancient statuary. This style was popular throughout the First French Empire, 1804-1814, … for easy movement, often accentuated with fringe trim, when dancing the lively dances of the Jazz Age. 5. Body …
Cover of Philanthropy in America: A History by Olivier Zunz.

The Gifts That Keep On Giving

Review of Philanthropy in America: A History, by Olivier Zunz (Princeton University Press, 2012)
… fund every year at levels comparable to annual budget of the Pentagon? Answer: the non-profit sector. Olivier Zunz … and in return a small denominational college in New Haven was named after him. Benjamin Franklin helped found several … at one point, "but were subject to a host of legal hurdles when they attempted to desegregate them, assist in voter …
Riot police officers in Kyiv, December 2013

A Postcard from Kyiv: A Year of Reckoning for Ukraine

… From the Editors: 2014 was a year of tremendous and unfinished … an ailment of a generation of people: why did I survive when others died? Maybe I'm more base, more cunning, a … our way in life? What will we answer in a few years, when children want to know about 2014 and ask, "Why did …
portion of a movie poster for the movie Mary Queen of Scots, directed by Josie Rourke

At the Movies: Mary Queen of Scots

… men are…” This remark by Elizabeth I sums up perfectly the heart and soul of Mary Queen of Scots (2018). The film … This is also a story of the sixteenth century when female monarchs were a new phenomenon in Europe. The sixteenth century was ushered in with Isabella I of Castile securely on the