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portion of a movie poster for the movie Mary Queen of Scots, directed by Josie Rourke

At the Movies: Mary Queen of Scots

… men are…” This remark by Elizabeth I sums up perfectly the heart and soul of Mary Queen of Scots (2018). The film … This is also a story of the sixteenth century when female monarchs were a new phenomenon in Europe. The sixteenth century was ushered in with Isabella I of Castile securely on the
Ita Ford and Dorothy Kazel, two of the murdered women of El Salvador

The Murdered Churchwomen in El Salvador

The four murdered churchwomen from left to right: Maura … who believed that anyone who opposed the military regime was a communist, including religious figures. This slogan, … They believed in the words of Archbishop Romero when he said, “Christ invites us not to fear persecution …
Abovian Among the Kurds, painting by Mkrtich Sedrakyan, 1950. (Image from author's personal collection, courtesy of the Khachatur Abovian House-Museum, Yerevan, Armenia.)

Top Ten Origins: Russia’s Relations with the Kurds

… Russia’s cooperation with the Kurds of Iraq and Syria in the fight against ISIL has … these pleasant tidings with the curious Yazidis, the poet was relieved to find that they were far from being the … melody “at three in the afternoon and worked until two AM.” When it was performed at a dress rehearsal the following …
Cartoon by Ali Delim in honor of 20th anniversary of Said Mekbel’s killing. The cartoon reads: “Said Mekbel in Heaven for journalists. Here it is not the quills that are missing.” (Cartoon used with permission)

1/30/2015: The Dangers of Being a Humorist: Charlie Hebdo Is Not Alone

The juxtaposition of laughter and tragedy in the Charlie … have missed, however, is that the January 7 th attack was by no means the first time that extremists have murdered … and murdered in September 1995, while Dorbane died when a bomb that militants had placed near the offices of …
Aerial view of Pearl Harbor, October 1941

Pearl Harbor

… December 7th marks the anniversary of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Few … and the United States came to the Pacific in late 1941 was of little surprise to any knowledgeable government or … attack, gloomily evaluated Japanese chances for success when he declared to the Japanese prime minister, “In the
The detonation of the Castle Bravo thermonuclear bomb

Top Ten Origins: Civil Defense, Nuclear War, and Duct Tape

… Saber-rattling between the current U.S. administration and the North Korean regime … various reports but no permanent organization, and there was little urgency to do much more. Then in August 1949, the … “shell” such as a wooden desk, wall, or in a ditch when they saw the flash of an atomic bomb. It was the bomb …
Female governors left to right, Nellie Tayloe Ross, Ella T. Grasso, Kay Orr, and Gretchen Whitmer.

A Century of Elected Woman Governors in the United States, 1924-2024

… On November 4, 1924, voters elected the first woman governor in the United States. While two … Primary election earlier that year, which at the time was but a technicality (Texas was largely a one-party … governors were reelected at the end of their first terms. When Ross reran for office in 1926, she was no longer …
A promotional still from the 1951 Broadway production of The King and I

Top Ten Origins: Historical Musicals

… Musicals are the quintessential American dramatic art form, combining … historical characters from folklore. One of the most famous was Evangeline, or The Belle of Acadia, and was based on … cement the relationship between New York and the theater, when his administration founded a public school to train …
1917 Socialist-Realist worker image

The October Revolution in Russia

Bolshevik Red Guards took control of the Russian capital from the provisional government October 1917.
… years ago, in wartime Petrograd, Russian radicals known as the Bolsheviks carried out “the Great October Socialist Revolution.”  Written by David L. Hoffmann. …
photos of people who died during Rwandan genocide

The Extermination of a Nation: The Genocide in Rwanda

Grade Level
9-12
Teaching Area
World History since 1500
War & Peace
… This lesson plan focuses on the genocide in Rwanda that occurred in 1994 when the Hutu government targeted the Tutsi population and Hutu …
UN forces crossing the 38th Parallel in 1950.

Why We Need to Rearm Iraq

… Despite what media coverage is leading the American public to believe, returning control of civil … if we fail to do it now, we’ll pay far more in the future. When the United States occupied Iraq last year, it disbanded … the Iraqi army. But U.S. officials soon recognized this was a mistake and now believe that some sort of Iraqi …
Republican Party Logo.

Republicans Should Look Back to the Future

When Republicans met at a governors’ conference recently to consider their party’s future, many of them complained that … disaster are claiming that the Republicans’ mistake was not to remain conservative enough in recent years. They …
A Sea Fight with Barbary Corsairs by Laureys a Castro, c. 1681

Hostage Taking in Algeria Is a 200-Year-Old Story

The State Department is probably very pleased with the … well have missed it; in most American news media the story was eclipsed by accounts of a dead imaginary girlfriend and … why American officials may be happy. History shows that when hostage crises drag on and the public comes to make a …
Gunslingers in the 19th century. This is the Ned Christie posse.

Gun Control and the Old West

… tradition. It calls us back to those legendary days of the Old West, when cowboys defended their honor and their horses by way of … were fed up with gun violence. Gun control, they contended, was absolutely essential, and the remedy advocated usually …
Portrait of President James K. Polk from 1846.

The Lessons of Mr. Polk’s War

… launches a war on specious pretexts. American forces occupy the enemy capital but cannot impose a political settlement … Despite its victorious conclusion, the Mexican War was a fiasco that helped set the stage for the Civil War. It started as a "war of choice," when Polk ignored evidence that American forces had crossed …
the planet Mars

Mariner 9: Our 1st Steps to Mars

The Mariner 9 exploration of Mars was a good demonstration of how science and technology literally open new worlds for discovery.
When we think about Martian explorers today, we mostly hear about two rovers that trawl small zones of the planet: the Opportunity rover that exceeded a marathon's … and Laura Seeger.  … The Mariner 9 exploration of Mars was a good demonstration of how science and technology …
Henry Kissinger and Richard Nixon walking on White House grounds.

Don’t Believe “Peace Is at Hand”

… is at hand." Americans longed to hear this 35 years ago, when National Security Adviser Henry A. Kissinger announced … long to hear it again about Iraq. If we do hear it before the next election, we shouldn't believe it. "Peace is at hand." Kissinger, we now know, realized Vietnam was not getting peace, but merely "a decent interval" — a …
Hand-coloured woodcut of a Methodist camp meeting in Eastham, Massachusetts, c. 1850.

Promise Keepers Stake Male Claim to Moral and Political Power

… A group of intense Christian believers gathers, heads bent in earnest prayer. At their head is a man … convert the sinner. 1997? No — nor is this on the Mall in Washington D.C., nor are we watching a Promise Keepers … chronological cycles. It often becomes especially strong when shifts in the economy or in a society’s reigning values …
This stamp features the first stanza of Ralph Waldo Emerson's "Concord Hymn."

The “Shot Heard Round the World”: April 19, 1775 and the American Revolutionary War

… April 19, 2015 marks 240 years since the bloodshed that ignited the American Revolutionary War … become the enduring description of the Revolutionary War when he called it “the shot heard round the world” in his … and Concord had tremendous propaganda potential provided it was positioned properly. If Massachusetts men were seen as …
Israeli Prime Minister, Levi Eshkol

Six Days That Shook The World

Review of The Six Day War: The Breaking of the Middle East, by Guy Laron (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2017)
When Egypt closed the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping in May 1967 and … “Egypt’s Vietnam.” Israeli Prime Minister, Levi Eshkol, who was pushed from all sides to implement a preventative strike … regimes in an uneasy coalition against Israel in 1967 was the general realization of Israel’s military superiority …
The signing of the Magna Carta at Runnymede, as represented in a nineteenth-century engraving

The Magna Carta and Its Legacy

… in a thirteenth-century portrait. This year marks the 800th anniversary of the Magna Carta, the medieval … rights and constitutional principles. By June 1215, England was in civil war as disaffected barons took up arms against … him and his barons, who thought he was abusing royal power. When the rebel barons seized London, King John was forced to …
An influenza hospital at Camp Funston

The 1918 Flu Pandemic

… November 1918 was the deadliest month of the greatest pandemic in recorded … flu vaccine . Burying victims of the Spanish Flu in Canada. When the first cases of the influenza A (H1N1) pandemic …