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In order, India’s Indira Gandhi, Pakistan’s Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, and Bangladesh’s Mujibur Rahman

After Midnight

Review of Midnight’s Descendants: A History of South Asia Since Partition, by John Keay (New York: Basic Books, 2014)
… of waterways serves as a metaphor for the subcontinent’s complicated post-colonial coming of age. Favoring academic history over Rushdie’s … people in India than in Pakistan and Bangladesh combined somewhat tempers this optimism. This is a complex story, and …
US Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., signing the UN Charter on 26 June 1945. President Truman stands by at left (UN Photo/Yould).

The Signing of the United Nations Charter

… Wilson bitterly called “a sullen and selfish isolation,” becoming an observer in the League but never a full member. As … and reformed Isolationist Arthur Vandenberg, the party committed to supporting a postwar cooperative peace … eliminating the veto. Such a measure would have sacrificed some level of national sovereignty by committing the states …
Copy of an 1890 lithograph depicting the Battle of New Orleans during the Revolutionary War.

A New Resource in the War Against Terrorism?

… holding a variety of assets — real estate, weapons, communications equipment and large amounts of cash and precious materials. Its front companies are involved in the import and export of a wide … risk consulting” firms were just as capable, and in some cases more capable than its own analysts in providing …
Cover of Wounded Knee Party Politics and the Road to an American Massacre by Heather Cox Richardson

Where Our Hearts Are Still Buried

Review of Wounded Knee: Party Politics and the Road to an American Massacre, by Heather Cox Richardson (New York: Basic Books, 2010)
… asked Big Foot, leader of the Minneconjou Teton Sioux, to come to Pine Ridge Reservation with his followers in hopes … could restore the peace. Intercepted by the Seventh Cavalry commanded by Colonel James W. Forysth on December 28, Big … Wounded Knee Massacre and Richardson dispels the need for some to find a romantic story amidst the story of Sioux …
Logo for "Canada 150".

Canada 150: Coming Home

… leaders from Métis artist Christi Belcourt to Anishinaabe comedian Ryan McMahon have pointed out that the past 150 … nations. Front and back of the Indian Chiefs Medal, commemorating Treaties 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Canada’s inability … their taps; school buildings on reserves are in disrepair, some infested with mold and snakes; First Nation people have …
 A depiction of the burning of Louisa Mabree, a French midwife and convicted witch, in a cage filled with black cats

The Rise of Freethinkers

Review of The Decline of Magic: Britain in the Enlightenment , by Michael Hunter (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2020)
… of magic. Belief in magic and magical occurrences was commonplace before the Reformation and persisted long after … describes this study as “brilliant” but points to its shortcomings, namely that the book does not explore why the … Enlightenment, largely overlooked in this volume, produced some of the most notorious freethinkers of the movement, …
President James A. Garfield

The Assassination of President Garfield

… As the president made his way to the train, chatting companionably with Secretary of State James G. Blaine, a man … ballot, Congressman and Senator-Elect Garfield emerged as a compromise candidate, ultimately winning the nomination on … emerging professional field of psychology took the stand, some testifying to Guiteau’s sanity, and others to his …
An engraving of Earl Cornwallis's surrender to George Washington during the American Revolution.

Hollywood’s American Revolution

… fire until ranks are broken and desperate hand-to-hand combat ensues. These scenes, realistic and at times surreal, … The colonists, this ideology warned, were on the verge of becoming "slaves"—that is, subject to absolute and arbitrary … to liberate themselves by running away. Contrary to what some have written, "The Patriot" is most definitely not to …
Black Friday shoppers in the morning at Walmart store in Durham, North Carolina.

Is Retailing’s Death Star Vulnerable After All?

… to Christmas, head over to the local Wal-Mart. The company’s promise of “everyday low prices” is music to the … For better or worse, we’re living in a Wal-Mart World. The company now produces an astonishing 2.3 percent of the … operates. The economy goes as Wal-Mart goes. Will it do something visionary or risk eventual extinction as did Frank …
Seal of the Vice President of the United States.

The Vice Presidency Should Not Be an Accident Waiting to Happen

… and funding for the arts. These three men were all accomplished politicians, nationally well known before being … — learned, if you do not “seem” presidential, you cannot accomplish much in the office. In addition, the successful … two questions: Is this person an experienced statesman — someone Americans and foreigners can view as “The President” …
The Mars explorer Curiosity's view back at its own tracks after crossing a sand dune in 2014.

Mariner 9: Opening The Martian Frontier

… in 2003. Mars, the red planet so close to Earth, has become a tantalizing target for humans to visit. Noted space … Elon Musk recently released plans to colonize Mars in the coming decades, using a network of space hardware to get … ended up being frustrating in a sense. We thought we had some of the answers about Mars, and then Mariner 9 showed us …
The 3rd Tipperary Brigade of the Old IRA, pictured during the early 1920s.

100 Years of Irish Independence and Division

… 26 of 32 Irish counties received considerable, albeit not complete, independence. The following day, however, six … Party introduced the possibility of Home Rule as a way of compromising on the so-called Irish question. Home Rule … vs. 2/3 unionist. These demographics ensured that a somewhat scaled-down version of the conflict between the …
Ivan Aivazovsky, a Native of Feodosia, Crimea, is known as one of Russia's greatest painters, and one of the world's best at seascapes. The Battle of Sinop (Russian and Turkish Navies), 1853

Top Ten Origins: Stories from Crimea

… The Crimea that most people have come to know is a peninsula occupied by Russian forces, … peoples who inhabited the steppe north of the coast, combined forces with the Ottoman Empire and expelled the … personal collection.) Crimea became the destination of some of Russia’s first tourists in the early nineteenth …
Ali, left, walking through the streets of Kinshasa in 1974.

The Rumble in the Jungle

… the Jungle,” in fact, was not a King promotional idea, but something Ali ad-libbed in front of the cameras while … knocked out an exhausted Foreman with a series of powerful combination punches. George Foreman vs Muhammad Ali, October … documentary of the fight, When We Were Kings , wasn’t completed until 1996, by which time both Ali and Foreman …
An art exhibition, probably in Moscow in 1964. Taken by Thomas T. Hammond during his travels in the Soviet Union.

When the Soviets Domesticated the West

Review of To See Paris and Die: The Soviet Lives of Western Culture, by Eleonory Gilburd (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2018)
… from viewers and readers and more than 6,000 entries in comment books from exhibitions—Gilburd gives voice to Soviet … during the Thaw, noting that one of the most important outcomes of the new policy of cultural exchange was “a constant … they had imagined did not really exist. Perhaps there was some truth to the official Soviet narrative of the …
 A Chinese laboratory technician conducting tests on SARS.

Corona in Context: Lessons from the SARS Pandemic (2003)

… discovered since the mid-1960s (four of which just cause a common cold in humans). A microscopic image of SARS-CoV It … 2002- July 2003. While these numbers are miniscule in comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic, the mysterious nature … COVID-19 pandemic. To prevent the global spread of SARS, some airports began to quarantine people who arrived. They …
portion of a movie poster for the movie Mary Queen of Scots, directed by Josie Rourke

At the Movies: Mary Queen of Scots

… to which men will go to take it away from them, and to the complicated politics of one’s immortal soul. Director Josie … of Mary. Elizabeth seems obsessed with her own vanity as compared to Mary but comes to learn that beauty does not … Mary or Elizabeth being the woman in a room full of men are some of the most powerful in the movie. Five hundred years …
Cover of Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750 by Odd Arne Westad.

Putting the Middle Kingdom in the Middle

Review of Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750, by Odd Arne Westad (New York: Basic Books, 2012)
… interest in China's future place in the international community has grown. Odd Arne Westad explores China's … and workers, are examined and considered as the crucial components of historical heritage that shape the views and … due to the space limitations of the monograph form, some of Westad's arguments call for further explanations. …
Image of Pluto from NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft taken on July 13, 2015.

Discovering Pluto

… and mathematical calculations.  Initially, he focused on comet and meteor predictions, but he later turned to … To assist with calculations, he hired a team of human computers—individuals (often women) who performed complex … type of fern or, in this case, a planetary body, they sometimes realize it fits better into another …
In 2014, the debate about the underlying causes of "long, hot summers" remerged with the high-profile police killings of Michael Brown, Tamir Rice, Eric Garner, and others.

Long Hot Summers and Separate Societies

Review of Separate and Unequal: The Kerner Commission and the Unraveling of American Liberalism, by Steven M. Gillon (New York: Basic Books, 2018)
… Do the police reify inequality by targeting low-income communities of color or are they the “thin blue line” … we need  salient details. The minutiae Gillon presents are sometimes irrelevant to his thesis. Nevertheless, Gillon’s … Review of Separate and Unequal: The Kerner Commission and the Unraveling of American Liberalism , by …
American soldiers land near Algiers

Torch: The Allied Invasion of French North Africa, 1942

… the Axis, operation Torch constituted the biggest and most complex amphibious landing to that point in world history.  … Africa, however, was never a foregone conclusion. America’s commitment to the Allied war effort after Pearl Harbor … to have transported history’s largest amphibious armada–some 670 vessels and 107,000 soldiers in total–across the …
Illustration of the duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr (1887)

The Hamilton-Burr Duel

… of Lin Manuel Miranda’s musical Hamilton , he has also become a pop culture icon. Meanwhile, as the character of … from the sting of defeat and the public dishonor that accompanied it, Burr wanted to dishonor Hamilton in return. … (R-MT) assaulted a reporter in 2017, remind us that some political egos are as fragile as ever. 1  Joanne B. …