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Royal Irish Rifles in foxhole at Battle of the Somme, 1916

Legacies of the Great War

… Dr. Aaron Retish, historian and expert in late Imperial and Soviet history at Wayne State University.   Dr. Aaron … French culture and the impact of war and personal and national identities.   Julie Powell    Hello.    Jessica … periphery, to the United States, and ultimately the Soviet Union, as a result of the First World War and also the shift …
Artifact from Benin

Who Owns the Past? Museums and Cultural Heritage Repatriation

… cultural heritage, check out Putting Race on Display: The National Civil Rights Museum , A Postcard from Warsaw, …   Dr. Steven Conn:     If we were to look at what the Soviet Union took out of Eastern Europe during and in the wake of …
Photo of a nuclear explosion.

The Dawn of the Second Cold War

… particular historical resonance, coming 50 years after the Soviet Union sent up the world's first artificial satellite in … times, made the same types of rational calculations about national self-interest as their U.S. counterparts. This gave …

The Long Legacy of World War I

… connections to that time.” The AIDS Memorial Quilt on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. in 1987. Turning numbers … was no lasting legacy in Russia of the First World War. The Soviet state remembered the war as an “imperialist” conflict … effect on state politics in what would become the Soviet Union and its reverberations across the world. On August 1, …
Djiboutian workers fill bags with wheat destined for Ethiopia, provided by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), at the Port of Djibouti, Africa, Jan. 7, 2013.

The Birth and Death of USAID

… to reduce the staff of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to 15 people and move it fully … and it was not developing much at all.  Meanwhile, the  Soviets  had gotten better at foreign aid over the course of … As the divide between the United States and the Soviet Union grew, development was given a new purpose. Officials …
Gettysburg Museum and Visitor Center display.

America Needs New Words on Sept. 11

… its ends. Lincoln spoke at Gettysburg to honor the Union dead after the battle near that small Pennsylvania town, a bloodbath that turned Civil War in the Union’s favor. In only 266 words, he redefined the Union … M. Schocket is author of “Founding Corporate Power in Early National Philadelphia” and director of American Culture …

Blue, Black, and Green: Inflation and the Fate of Argentina

… 14.80 percent in July of 2015 (according to the INDEC, the national statistics institute). And these official numbers … they were comparable to Western Europe. The increase in union jobs fostered the development of a robust middle class … numerous loans. Conditions worsened as the government began union-busting under the pretext that unions were housing …
Jesse Owens at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin, Germany.

Peace through Olympic Sport?

… say the Games help create mutual understanding and international peace. Our willingness to accept this lofty … the wrong reason. Proponents say the Olympics create international harmony because the Games are apolitical. But the … observers thought that all those gold medals piled up by Soviet and East German athletes were a sign that the "Free …
Pullman Strike illustration

Top Ten Origins: American Workers and Strikes

… Since 1890, May 1st has been celebrated as International Workers Day. So declared the International … Machine Company were locked out after the notoriously anti-union company moved to replace iron molders with molding … May. They did so against the advice of the American Railway Union (ARU), led by a thirty-nine-year-old rabble-rouser …
European Union flag fluttering in the wind.

Europe Already Has a Working Constitution

… than the earlier treaties that produced today’s European Union (EU). In fact, the constitution failed in part because … currency is governed by a European board, beyond direct national control. An EU supreme court sometimes does battle … Europe closest to political unity. Threats from Stalin’s Soviet Union pushed six countries to sign up for a unified …

The Dominican Republic and the United States: A Baseball History

… of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.” This policy was first executed to … and often beat, groups of Marines. This period sparked a national craze for baseball. Once the last U.S. troops left … the Marine Honor Guard shortly after his arrival at Union Station in Washington D.C. on July 6, 1939. By 1937, …

Kosovo's Year Zero: Between a Balkan Past and a European Future

… enormous legal problem that put at risk the future of international law as we know it. For these writers, the … Serbia positioned itself with Europe and the European Union, many EU politicians undoubtedly expected Serbia to … yet fully external obstacle to Serbia's road to joining the Union. However, the conspiracy accomplished its goals: EU …
The new Terrorism Confinement Center in El Salvador, which opened in February 2023, was built to detain thousands suspected gang members.

Marching Back to the Past: Militarism in El Salvador

… and violence.  While President Nayib Bukele and the National Police reported very few homicides during these … campesinos to help form labor organizations such as the Union of Rural Workers ( Union de Trabajadores Campesinos , UTC) in 1974 in …

A Fresh Start for Pakistan?

… to produce the first constitution and even longer to hold national elections. Debates raged over whether Pakistan … plotting a coup. The government then cracked down on trade unions and several prominent writers. A few months later, … two of a series of alliances designed to contain the Soviet Union. India, a founder of the Non-Aligned Movement, …
Flag of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

NATO Expansion in Eastern Europe: For What and For Whom?

… led and funded by the United States, to contain/encircle Soviet and Communist power in Eastern Europe, prevent … commitment to fight abroad as part of a coordinated multinational alliance and a major user of the multi-trillion … to do with the topsy-turvy world of 1997, when the Soviet Union and its allies are no more, and the most …
A group of boys at Chirec International School in India playing Cricket, 2015.

Cricket without Boundaries: The Story of a Global Game

… decades, this success in what is regarded as Afghanistan’s national sport provided a much-needed moment of collective … in 2022.  While Pakistan’s players are regarded as national heroes, members of the American team play cricket … who fled their country between 1979 and 2001 due to  the Soviet-Afghan War (1979-1989), Afghan Civil War (1992-1996), …
lab tech with vaccine

Vaccines and Responsible Parenthood

Review of Vaccine Nation: America’s Changing Relationship with Immunization, by Elena Conis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014)
… health (20). Vaccination also played into concerns about national security : improving the health of American … … Public Health, Disease, and Medicine … Global/Transnational … Science & Technology … Vaccines and Responsible …
Robert Smalls and C.S.S. Planter

The Remarkable Life of Robert Smalls

Robert Smalls' leadership and courage made him important to the Union war effort and, afterwards, one of the most influential Black political leaders of the 19th century.
… harbor, past Confederate fortifications, and to the Union fleet blockading the city. The architect of this … and courage would go on to make him important to the Union war effort and, afterwards, one of the most … Smalls' leadership and courage made him important to the Union war effort and, afterwards, one of the most …

A New World Order? Africa and China

… the starting point. Many attendees were young African nationalists whose core agenda was eradicating colonialism … world. Although a communist nation, China declared both the Soviet Union and the U.S.-led Western powers neo-colonialists. …
President Carter shakes hands with General Torrijos of Panama after signing the Panama Canal Treaty

The Missing "Third" of the Third World

Review of Latin America and the Global Cold War, by Thomas C. Field, Jr., Stella Krepp, and Vanni Pettinà (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2020)
… of how the geopolitical atmosphere dominated by the U.S.-Soviet rivalry shaped the decolonization and radicalization … and the Global Cold War (2020). The “fruit of a multinational, multilingual effort by fifteen scholars,” this … and 1970s while also seeking economic ties with the Soviet Union. Part I, entitled “Third World Nationalism,” focuses …
Exterior view of the Union Carbide pesticide factory in Bhopal, India,

The Bhopal Chemical Gas Disaster

… have persisted with their fight to hold a U.S. corporation—Union Carbide—guilty for killing and maiming thousands of … Happened in Bhopal? On the night of 2-3 December 1984, a Union Carbide chemical facility at Bhopal leaked over 27 … inputs , the period often termed as “green revolution,” the Union Carbide Corporation (UCC) was eager to reap profit …
1942 photo of an American flag.

The Changing Symbolism of Old Glory

… States be thirteen stripes alternate red and white and the union be thirteen stars in a blue field, representing a new … to replace the first American flag, known as the Great Union Flag (seven red and six white stripes with the British … and South America. There, the United States impeded nationalist movements and established lucrative markets …