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An AIDS testing site in Moscow, 1987.

The Blame Game: The USSR’s Response to HIV/AIDS

… for the virus and denied the possibility of extensive community spread among the Soviet population—offers a … official number had grown to around 565. An AIDS testing site in Moscow, 1987. The number of infected was initially … [new] AIDS infections.” Thus, initial concern focused mostly around foreigners entering Soviet borders and with …

Two Popes and a Primate: The Changing Face of Global Christianity

… of 2013. Thanks to the explosion of electronic forms of communication, even since the election of Benedict in 2005, … ornate cathedral became popular viewing on YouTube and news sites on the web. For Copts, however, it was God who made … the nature(s) of Christ. By the end of the fourth century, most Christians (although not all) had agreed that the Son …
Cover of Famine: A Short History by Cormac Ó Gráda.

Famine: A Short History

Review of Famine: A Short History, by Cormac O Grada (Princeton University Press, 2009)
… visions of Malthus, Ehrlich, and other doomsayers have not come to pass.  Drawing on a rich variety of government … organizations, anthropological and archaeological studies, medical histories, philosophical writings, oral histories, and even some folklore, Ó Gráda argues that most famines in human history result more from human action …
The Norwegians Land in Iceland 872 by Oscar Wergeland (1877).

Why We Love the Vikings

… vanished. There were many “ends” to the Viking Age, but one most often cited is the correlation between the spread of … later? And does it matter how they are portrayed in modern media? What We Know The origin of the word “Viking” has been … ties were also immensely important, for one often needed community support at the assembly to win a legal case. Thus, …
Olympic Broadcasting Services covering the men's 10 kilometre marathon swim at the 2012 Olympic Games.

The Big Game on the Small Screen: The Televised Transformation of Sport

… Contemporary televised sport, in many ways, has become a better fan experience than being there live. You get … evangelists for the new technology predicted almost from the beginning that it would, among other things, … however ambivalent in conception, nevertheless transformed the way Americans consumed football, in part because of …
Cover of A Short History of Celebrity by Fred Inglis.

A Short History of Celebrity

Review of A Short History of Celebrity, by Fred Inglis (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2010)
…      His basic points are two.  The first—also his "most pointed moral"—is simply that celebrity has a history.  … London, city displaced court as the preferred site of the social scene, while new money engendered a … of intense familiarity with distance.  This is the "compound" that makes the celebrity sacred in modern society: …
Cover of Rivers and the Power of Ancient Rome by Brian Campbell

Rome's Wondrous Rivers

Review of Rivers and the Power of Ancient Rome, by Brian Campbell (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2012)
… of Italy and Britain. The Roman world included some of the most remarkable rivers in the European, Middle Eastern, and … religious aura of rivers enhanced the status of riverine communities” (31). Rivers were ascribed human qualities and … the ancient world were lived and experienced in very local, site-specific ways. The annual flood on the Nile was an …
Cover of A Tale of Two Monasteries: Westminster and Saint-Denis in the Thirteenth Century by William Chester Jordan.

To Serve God and the King?

Review of A Tale of Two Monasteries: Westminster and Saint-Denis in the Thirteenth Century, by William Chester Jordan (Princeton University Press, 2009)
… abbeys such as Westminster and Saint-Denis were among the most organizationally complex and bureaucratically advanced entities operating below the level of the state in medieval Europe. As a consequence they have left historians … Medieval …
Entrance gate of Auschwitz Concentration Camp, "Work Sets You Free," 2013

At the Movies: “Canaries,” A Review of Denial

… of the sort espoused by Richard Rorty. The maneuver is a common one from the perspective of positivism. In The … Holocaust .  Instead, this generic tradition enforces the most simplistic forms of positivism. Lipstadt is clearly … of it all. However, when the triumphant Donald Trump visited Barack Obama in the White House after the election, …
 A Chinese laboratory technician conducting tests on SARS.

Corona in Context: Lessons from the SARS Pandemic (2003)

… discovered since the mid-1960s (four of which just cause a common cold in humans). A microscopic image of SARS-CoV It … and Asia) over the following eight months. The disease most likely spread outward from China first to Hong Kong in February 2003, where 64-year-old medical professor Dr. Liu Jianlun checked into the Metropole …
Cover of Science under Fire Challenges to Scientific Authority in Modern America by Andrew Jewett.

Science Beseiged

Review of Science Under Fire: Challenges to Scientific Authority in Modern America, by Andrew Jewett (Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press, 2020)
… and public policy, Sarewitz contended that in contrast to most other pressing issues on which science had a primary … or environmental poisoning, for instance—COVID-19 was compelling “people everywhere . . . to put their immediate … high: 86% of Pew respondents to a 2020 poll said they trusted scientists to act in the public interest. Maybe we …
Students at the Tuberculosis Sanitorium, Phoenix Indian School, ca. 1890-1910.

Early American Contagions

… measles, typhus, and influenza decimated Indigenous communities in the Americas is a commonly held one. Like so … that strike them and are therefore immunologically almost defenseless.” American communities had not acquired … in “virgin soil epidemics.” During the Black Death in medieval Europe, scientists argue that those already …
dollar bill with image of capitol building in front of it

Deeper Than the “Deep State”: Follow the Money

… a year into Trump’s second term, his own supporters have become suspicious that even his Justice Department has joined … interests so readily swayed lawmaking.  In 2016, he named his book  The Deep State to describe the power of money … cabal,” but teams of professional lobbyists, “hiding mostly in plain sight.”  Especially with electoral campaigns …
The signing of the Magna Carta at Runnymede, as represented in a nineteenth-century engraving

The Magna Carta and Its Legacy

… year marks the 800th anniversary of the Magna Carta, the medieval English historic legal document that is seen as the … (ecclesiastical censure) in England and to his own excommunication, the troubling loss of his French possessions, … into civil war. Yet today it is considered one of the most important documents in Anglo-American legal history as …
An electron microscopic image of a thin section of SARS-CoV within the cytoplasm of an infected cell, showing the spherical particles and cross-sections through the viral nucleocapsid.

Could SARS Set off Another Great Pandemic?

… We once assumed that infectious diseases such as influenza could be … threat to public health: the specter of a pandemic, and the complacent American response. The so-called "Spanish" flu … popular Star Trek series space heroes battle the galaxy's most fearsome foe: the Borg. That half-human civilization …

Dirty Water: Federal Deregulation and the Re-Polluting of America

… his own political party might have experienced the most disturbance, as Trump has disregarded some core … more and more reliant on toxic substances, the shortcomings of this approach became increasingly apparent. The … upstream community.” He and other Cincinnati businessmen formed the Stream Pollution Committee of the Chamber of …
Refugee tents in Piraeus port.

A Postcard from a Piraeus Refugee Camp

… new measures drastically reduced the arrival of refugees almost overnight. But its other provisions, designed to … one day after the author's arrival. ( United Nation High Commissioner for Refugees ) We came to Greece with only a … "Fishing" in the port. Adults actually caught and consumed fish from these brackish waters. (Photo by Kelly …
Cover of Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend by Richard Stoneman.

Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend

Review of Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend, by Richard Stoneman (New Haven/London: Yale University Press, 2008)
… birth narrative takes a markedly different approach. It comes to us via Firdausi's Shahnameh (Book of Kings), … but this version of the tale gives him credit for it. The most rewarding section of the book (chapters 4 and 5) … killed), mystery, gold, and enchantment. Later ancient and medieval romantic depictions of the East would be based on …