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… spy. Since then, as this list shows, espionage became more complex and increasingly valuable. The times change, but … Townsend, along with Washington, shared a secret code to communicate that Tallmadge devised. Townsend ran a coffee … avoided detection by faking insanity. After the war, Union commanders praised the intelligence that Van Lew provided …

… A commemorative 1965 Iraqi stamp marking the 45th anniversary … several strategically situated southern towns. Captured soldiers were treated leniently, even as retreating British … along sectarian lines. The legacy of the 1920 revolution points toward an Iraq that transcends external constraints …

… miles in a straight line).  Plans for the women’s flight commenced three months earlier in August 1938. Valeriy … date to late September. By the time she recovered, a state commission recommended canceling the flight due to poor … 15. Shevchenko, Nikolay, “How Three Soviet Women Nearly Died Chasing their Aviation Dream, Gateway to Russia , …

… Over the past century, baseball has become a truly global game. The sport debuted at the Olympics … on these plantations were seasonal workers from the West Indies, where cricket had been much more popular. These … Fernando Tatis Jr. , to remain relevant to those younger audiences. Still, with the sheer number of Latinx players in …

… has been characterized by friction, contradictions, and competing visions of the goals of union. The most recent … representatives to the European Parliament. Each state appoints ministers to the Council of Ministers, the … local policy decisions remained in the hands of national bodies, many of these tensions could be debated in the …

… Memphis, a pall of shock and sadness blanketed the black community. Anguish soon turned to anger. Fearing a riot, the … by violence. And so it had to be the fire this time. A soldier standing guard following riots in Washington, D.C. … while he was alive declared the movement over when he died. A pin for the Poor People's Campaign showing Dr. …

… in the 18th century included the selflessness to put the common good above special interests. Only a few (men) could … originated in ancient Greece and Rome, reemerged among medieval Italian states and again among Dutch and Polish … been granted at the discretion of local administrative bodies. To some, especially temperance reformers, this new …

… of two Russian ships by a German taskforce under the command of a German admiral improbably marked the entry of … in the Middle East is relatively well-known. Movie-going audiences are familiar with the dashing exploits of T. E. … the materials held in the Turkish Military and Strategic Studies Archive in Ankara. The Fall of the Ottomans seeks to …

… legacies that acts of violence leave on individuals and communities, and the importance of remembering and … the UN peacekeeping compound in Potočari. Dutch UNPROFOR soldiers help Bosniak refugees board a jeep in July 1995. That … forces attempted to hide their crimes by reburying the bodies in secondary graves scattered across the region. Spent …

… Swat, Pakistan, where he was pursuing a graduate degree in computer engineering. He left seven months ago because he … of other refugees who remain trapped in Serbia. Hungary completed its first razor-wire border fence in September … but for those waiting in limbo time moves slowly and hope dies fast. [All photos by author] …

… vaccines and by the concerns raised by now-discredited studies that linked vaccines and autism. And as vaccination … was brought to New England by Cotton Mather and Zabdiel Boylston in 1721. Following the development of … child as a man stands outside with a cow (from the Wellcome Trust). The term vaccination comes from variolae …

… – the Labour Party emerged from the 1945 election with a commanding majority in the House of Commons – Attlee achieved what no other Labour leader had … Attlee used a student’s family connections to gain a commission, despite his somewhat advanced age (he was …

… lives or the devastation it has brought on families and communities across the nation. The historical origins of … James Baldwin, who described white officers as occupying soldiers. “Their very presence is an insult, and it would be, … World Telegraph & Sun. On July 18, two days after Powell died, a planned civil rights demonstration led to an …

… the elevator. (Photo Credit, AP)  In late July 2014, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell also handed Rice a two game … closest to God, could use physical violence to punish disobedient wives, children, or servants. In Puritan society and … home, especially violence that was meant to control “disobedient” wives, was acceptable persisted. This idea, combined …

… narrative says technology is to blame—that after mainframe computers burst onto the scene in the middle of the … fragmented sloppily across digital tape, could never die; that the notion of an inescapable past was somehow … forced to settle for “sectoral” or patchwork policy remedies that regulated different industries such as banking or …

… as president of the NCN,W the organization deepened its commitment to the Civil Rights Movement, with Height joining … figures of both the Democratic and Republican National committees to form the National Women's Political Caucus. … deal of success, especially with the Democratic National Committee. While women made up 13% of DNC delegates in 1958, …

… I’ve read about it, 1968 was quite a year. Writers have compared it to the most dramatic moments in modern history— … against the Vietnam War in Washington, D.C. ( left ). A soldier standing guard in Washington, D.C. after riots … stone and concrete plaza awash with blood and to the bodies stacked in adjacent building hallways. The army …

… and the future. Different Truths to Live By Every human community tells its own stories about the ultimate order of … 1552 work A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies . For the peoples of Abya Yala , this holocaust was not … fields, from philosophy and anthropology to science studies, biology, and quantum physics. Many would now agree …

… will likely preoccupy future historians for years to come. While a number of factors contributed to his … The Republican Presidential Debates brought in record audiences. The news media’s obsession with Trump is … expansive view of the First Amendment that protected the audience’s positive right to information as much as …

… on the Bosporus—a strait crowded not only with urban commuters and pleasure craft, but Russian oil tankers … Canal, the Suez and the Corinth Canal in Greece cannot even compete!" The project outlined by Erdogan calls for a 45-50 … to formerly disparate states. The Grand Canal of China, completed in the seventh century CE, remains by far the …

… of the mounting controversy, the president reminded his audience that, “from the Civil War to our struggle against … us from the ravages of modern warfare, or if they will become the appliances of Orwellian control. What is remarkable … seethed that a chance V-1 hit that killed 74 American soldiers was “more like murder than war.” The drone’s …

… are also experiencing moderate to severe drought, and this comes on the heels of a very dry decade. This long drought … we are experiencing now. Long dry stretches during the Medieval centuries (especially between 900 and 1350 CE) had … outermost rings of the tree stumps showed that these trees died approximately 4,800 years ago. Decades later, more …

… Ida B. Wells-Barnett with her four children in 1909. The complex international connections and strategies that … for women’s rights before a mixed-race and mixed-sex audience—embraced a diasporic vision of freedom when she asked … to the 1848 abolition of slavery in the French West Indies, opposition to the U.S. war with Mexico, and Native …