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Female governors left to right, Nellie Tayloe Ross, Ella T. Grasso, Kay Orr, and Gretchen Whitmer.

A Century of Elected Woman Governors in the United States, 1924-2024

… William B. Ross died while governor in October 1924 from complications following an emergency appendectomy. The … the election results that year proved it.    Silent film recording of Governor Miriam Ferguson with her husband James … office. October 1974 saw the passage of the federal Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA), which barred certain types of …
Iraq by Raymond Bucko SJ on Flickr, cc by 2.0

Redeeming Honor — the South and Iraq

… hospitality shown to his relatives — with tacit American compliance. Or Osama bin Laden’s operatives could have been … of Jordan’s crackdown on their conspiracies. Those who committed these atrocities no doubt believe that honor is … and not fatigue. To appear less than overwhelmingly in command would prove no less catastrophic for transforming …
A portrait of Martin Luther King, Jr.

The Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

… Memphis, a pall of shock and sadness blanketed the black community. Anguish soon turned to anger. Fearing a riot, the … exploded in the days following Dr. King’s assassination. In communities large and small, stretching from the East Coast … may have disagreed with his approach, but they admired his commitment to social change. They may have felt that his …
The Works Progress Administration employed some Spanish-Americans from New Mexico, as seen here, to work in road gangs.

When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America

Review of When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America , by Ira Katznelson (W.W. Norton & Company, New York, 2005), preface, appendix, index, 238 pp.
… When Affirmative Action Was White concludes with the recommendation that contemporary American policymakers deal … action. Relying heavily on Johnson's 1965 Howard University Commencement Address, the author posits that the 37th … the author's mind, would end the need for state-sponsored compensation within a generation and create a truly …

Two Popes and a Primate: The Changing Face of Global Christianity

… of 2013. Thanks to the explosion of electronic forms of communication, even since the election of Benedict in 2005, … the traditionally regal manner of Benedict. The dizzying combination of medieval ritual and pageantry with flashing … ornate cathedral became popular viewing on YouTube and news sites on the web. For Copts, however, it was God who made …

From Harlem to Ferguson: LBJ's War on Crime and America's Prison Crisis

… lives or the devastation it has brought on families and communities across the nation. The historical origins of … or what some have called “The New Jim Crow” are complex. But an important episode in the gradual development … challenged and taunted a blue phalanx of white officers. “Come on, shoot another nigger!” she cried. In the days and …
The almshouse at Woburn, Bedfordshire, England

Top Ten Origins: Housing the Poor

… in Silicon Valley (where even people with six-figure incomes may qualify for housing subsidies) have attracted … formalizing their ownership, the poor would have access to credit, facilitating entrepreneurial activity. In Tanzania, … fees and property taxes. But the expected expansion of credit never materialized—banks were reluctant to make loans …
Entrance gate of Auschwitz Concentration Camp, "Work Sets You Free," 2013

At the Movies: “Canaries,” A Review of Denial

… of the sort espoused by Richard Rorty. The maneuver is a common one from the perspective of positivism. In The … monstrous infamy that is antisemitism. But it is useless, completely useless.” However, Lipstadt stops short of … of it all. However, when the triumphant Donald Trump visited Barack Obama in the White House after the election, …
George Holliday's footage of Rodney King being beaten by police in 1991

The 1992 Los Angeles Rebellion: “No Justice, No Peace”

… evidence of the LAPD’s excessive use of force and confirmed complaints of police brutality made by black and Latino … African American mayor in 1973, formed the Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department on April 1, … immigrants—and Korean shopkeepers. City officials and LAPD commanders were unprepared for the violence despite Chief of …

The UN, the WHO, and the Future of U.S. Diplomacy

… policies as altruistic during the ideological competition of the Cold War. But these institutions and … loss of control frustrated Washington officials, who complained about the UN and WHO even as they generously … with supranational institutions allowed the country to “get credit for practicing altruism instead of power politics.” …
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moroni3a07131u.jpg

Joseph Smith Discovers the Gold Plates

… Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Smith was visited that night by an angel who told him of an ancient record buried nearby his farm in western New York.  Smith … spiritual and folk obsessions, Smith first claimed to be visited by the Angel Moroni in September 1823. Smith had only …
2009 Tour de France winner, Alberto Contador, wearing the yellow jersey on June 26, 2009.

The Tour de France and the Yellow Jersey

… cyclists might wear the yellow jersey during the three-week competition, only one will ultimately win it. Cover of the … this hue. Ultimately, the Tour was born out of blistering competition and vigorous debate over who could be considered … non-French—with descriptions of historical events, cultural sites, French agricultural products, and natural wonders to …

The Alpha and Omega of the Greek Debt Crisis

… the machine when I heard some Greek expletives and saw a commotion in front of me. The ATM ran out of money. I spent … accept the bailout conditions proposed by the European Commission. What felt like a scene from some apocalyptic … Commission, the European Central Bank, and the IMF—Greece’s creditors—rejected the proposals and would only agree to …

A Fresh Start for Pakistan?

… in 1947, Pakistan’s political elites have faced regional, communal, and religious obstacles to building a stable, … should rule. At the same time, Pakistan suffered from complexities of geography and poor relations with neighbors. … Gandhi and the Congress argued that despite South Asia’s complicated mosaic of ethnicities, languages, and religions …
 A Chinese laboratory technician conducting tests on SARS.

Corona in Context: Lessons from the SARS Pandemic (2003)

… discovered since the mid-1960s (four of which just cause a common cold in humans). A microscopic image of SARS-CoV It … 2002- July 2003. While these numbers are miniscule in comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic, the mysterious nature … 15, the CDC issued its first “Health Alert” for travelers coming from the region into the United States. The Taipei …
Meiji Constitution promulgation by Toyohara Chikanobu, 1889.

Japan’s Meiji Restoration

… Assistance.  “As the first non-Western nation to become a developed country, Japan built itself into a country … industrialization and recently recognized by UNESCO as sites of World Heritage.  This is not to say that history … more broadly, for better and for worse.  Yet, studying commemorations like the Meiji sesquicentennial reveals how …

A Pact with the Devil? The United States and the Fate of Modern Haiti

… dying lay beneath the rubble and remains of their homes and communities, American televangelist Pat Robertson stated … the next 100 years became, in many respects, the exact opposite. Rather than being ignored and excluded, Haiti became … was finally free of its debt to France, it now had a new creditor—the U.S. government and the U.S. banks who made a …
Earth covered in trees and water

"Pale Blue Dot": History of Our Environment

… boys, River and Blue. Folks, you can unveil yourselves and come on to the screen if you'd like. Welcome thank you for … of a fraction of that dot. Think of the endless cruelties visited by the inhabitants of one corner of this pixel on the … 1980, the circle Act, the Superfund act, looking at toxic sites. Hey, we did it. We saw the problems we passed all …
Count Gaston aboard his Jeantaud electric, 1899.

The Jeantaud Electric Car Land Speed Record

… vehicle set the world’s first automotive land speed record of 63.13 km/hr (39.2 mph) over the course of a single kilometer. Although the only electric vehicle at the competition, the Jeantaud handily beat its gasoline-powered competition at the Parc Agricole d’Achères outside Paris.  …

All Politics is Local: Understanding Boko Haram

… The consensus among many academics, journalists, and commentators is that Boko Haram is an Islamist organization … from Mali, North Africa, Egypt, and the Saharan oases visited the region of West and Central Africa known as … the Kanuri people in Borno state. And Kanuri scholars credit their ethnic group for spreading and preserving Islam …
Suffragists with signs: "Votes for Women"

The Myth of the Women's Voting Bloc (Prologued, Season 1, Trailer)

… which we live. Current events, however dire or exciting or complicated they may be, have been made by history. They … of color. That’s it. ( laughter ) ( music) Sarah Paxton ( credits) This season of  Prologued  was brought to you by  … Oranjudio. Song and Band information can be found on our website and we encourage our listeners to visit episode …
Cover of Science under Fire Challenges to Scientific Authority in Modern America by Andrew Jewett.

Science Beseiged

Review of Science Under Fire: Challenges to Scientific Authority in Modern America, by Andrew Jewett (Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press, 2020)
… or environmental poisoning, for instance—COVID-19 was compelling “people everywhere . . . to put their immediate … opportunism . . . are being brought to heel by the pincer combination of shared values and facts on the ground” ( … Frequent exhortations to “Follow the Science” and its common variation, “Trust the Science,” became not rallying …