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Cover of Famine: A Short History by Cormac Ó Gráda.

Famine: A Short History

Review of Famine: A Short History, by Cormac O Grada (Princeton University Press, 2009)
… visions of Malthus, Ehrlich, and other doomsayers have not come to pass.  Drawing on a rich variety of government … production, with deadly results.  Famine deaths are caused by malnutrition and, until the twentieth century, … years, but during bad years, as the normal crops failed, they had to rely on "famine foods": edible but unappetizing …
Secretary of State John Kerry continued his meetings in Lausanne with Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif. Under Secretary Wendy Sherman and Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz are participating in the meetings.

Iran’s Nuclear Diplomacy

… have met periodically in Vienna in an attempt to accomplish what was long considered a near-impossible task. Once again they are working to conclude an agreement with the Islamic …

The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Ghosts of Ned Ludd

… Today we are living through the Fourth Industrial Revolution, as … Yet these new technologies and the workplace automation they bring threaten to cause large-scale unemployment and … in eighteenth-century Britain. Electrification and telecommunications , led by nineteenth-century American …
Official Program: Woman Suffrage Procession, Washington DC March 3, 1913

I have many things to say (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 2)

… At the heart of the suffrage movement was a shared belief that women deserved to be full owners of their … successful advocating for the nineteenth amendment, and who they left behind along the way. … call the Anthony Amendment, and what would eventually become the 19th Amendment. But not for a long time. California …
a corpse rising from the grave

Revenants, Vampires, and Ghosts, Oh My! European Folklore and the Supernatural

… Whether or not you are a fan of all things spooky, odds are you have heard some … sometimes glitteringly attractive, creatures come from? While not an exact replica, the myths and legends … to the revenant’s gravesite and dig up his corpse. What they see horrifies them: before much of the earth ha[s] been …
The Works Progress Administration employed some Spanish-Americans from New Mexico, as seen here, to work in road gangs.

When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America

Review of When Affirmative Action Was White: An Untold History of Racial Inequality in Twentieth-Century America , by Ira Katznelson (W.W. Norton & Company, New York, 2005), preface, appendix, index, 238 pp.
… began constructing government programs to deal with welfare, work, and war in the 1930s and 1940s, they deliberately excluded or treated differently the vast … When Affirmative Action Was White concludes with the recommendation that contemporary American policymakers deal …
A woman on the outskirts of Kyiv carrying a bucket of apricots

Eating at You: Food and Chernobyl

… of independence. And, for many, knowing where your food comes from, intimately, down to the moisture of the soil, … to measure radioactivity of air, water, soil and food. They took 950,000 measurements and analyzed them in labs. … Farm workers in the zone with more than two curies a square kilometer were to wear jump suits, respirators, hats and …

Feminism in Egypt: New Alliances, Old Debates

… months after Mubarak fell on February 11, 2012). Tahrir Square, July 8, 2011 Sit-In “No to Oppression” (Photo by … seats in parliament. Morsi was the winner of Egypt’s first competitive presidential election, but his government was … support to victims, and raised public awareness. They have also demanded investigation, prosecution, and fair …
The defendants in the dock at the International Military Tribunal. They were organized in the dock according to the importance of their positions in the Nazi leadership.

The Nuremberg Judgment

… in the dock at the International Military Tribunal. They were organized in the dock according to the importance … from its worst impulses—how to create a new international community based on “respect for the human person” and belief … German war economy by working as slave laborers. He also shared the Tribunal’s finding that the defendants had acted …
John Filo's iconic photograph of Mary Ann Vecchio kneeling over the body of Jeffrey Miller

Kent State after Fifty Years

… May 4 incident at Kent State University was one of those rare events that seem to crystallize an entire period in … The Kent State killings, by contrast, were shocking because they happened in the very heart of middle America. True, … antiwar movement, Black Power, and the generation gap had come even to Ohio. As the iconoclastic journalist I.F. Stone …

Clash in the Caucasus: Georgia, Russia, and the Fate of South Ossetia

… range (population around 100,000 in 1989, and 3,900 square kilometers), South Ossetia seceded from Georgia in 1992 … unrecognized until recently by anyone in the international community. It has its own government, though largely staffed … from the demarcated conflict zones in South Ossetia where they had operated with official UN sanction as peacekeepers …

The Dominican Republic and the United States: A Baseball History

… Over the past century, baseball has become a truly global game. The sport debuted at the Olympics … young men play for their local baseball schools, which are places for scouts to recruit. This field is next door to … popular. These communities soon adjusted to baseball once they settled in sugar towns like La Romana and San Pedro de …

(Fore)Closing on the American Dream

… During my sophomore year in college, my parents called me at my dorm room with some important news. … with bad news, my joyful parents called to let me know that they had paid off the mortgage on the home they had owned … lucky. Their ability to afford their monthly payments was compromised first by the falling market, then by mortgages …
Tanks rolling off a German assembly line in 1943

The Nature of World War II

… other supplies would follow: food, fuel, ammunition, spare parts, medicine, maps, cigarettes, tents, radios and … in continents far removed from the conflict because of the compelling demand that war creates for forest and … the built environment, material culture, and intellectual topography, not to mention American landscapes near and far. …

Currency Wars, or Why You Should Care About the Global Struggle Over the Value of Money

… that these and other countries were entering into a competitive spiral of devaluations in an effort to export … gain if all countries devalued their currencies at once. They feared that such fiddling with currency would only … contained. Trade in East Asia was fueled in part by silver coins from Mexico. Prior to the Meiji Restoration of 1868 in …
Afar community animal health worker describing the appearance and characteristics of rinderpest in cattle (photo credit: ILRI/Jeff Mariner).

The Second Disease Eradication: Rinderpest

… a stunning achievement and that description of how it was accomplished feels especially poignant today when faith in … because it did not infect humans; it infected their cattle. They “Looked so Pitiful” The disease was called rinderpest, … the virus responsible for measles in humans. Scientists are still working out the details of the family tree, but …
The new Terrorism Confinement Center in El Salvador, which opened in February 2023, was built to detain thousands suspected gang members.

Marching Back to the Past: Militarism in El Salvador

… average citizens with no connection to crime have become victims of this policy —especially poor and young … at their homes, at work, or in the streets have appeared in national and international news reports, in social … haciendas of well-known landowners and military garrisons. They gained control over some territories including Izalco, …

Viewpoint Iran: The Past and Present of the U.S.-Iran Standoff

… conference after being sworn in as president, Rouhani declared that he was open to direct talks with the United … partnership.” Those conciliatory words, however, were accompanied on both sides with qualifications, skepticism, and … warm water port for Russia; security of India for Britain—they sought to achieve their goals by weakening and …

Kosovo's Year Zero: Between a Balkan Past and a European Future

… spelled out, in English, the word Newborn . Fireworks accompanied live appearances by pop stars and elected … turned to the past to understand these tumultuous events. They traced the twists and turns of what they considered a … Europe, the roots and character of Kosovan independence are best found in Yugoslavia's much more recent past. If one …
Crowds of people in Kyiv, Ukraine

The Fate of Crimea, the Future of Ukraine, Part I

… a dramatic political revolution in Kyiv's Independence Square, the surprise annexation of Crimea into Russia, and … between Russia and the United States/European Union that are reminiscent of the darkest of Cold War days. Join hosts Leticia Wiggins and Patrick Potyondy as they talk with Myroslava Mudrak , Sergei Zhuk , and Origins …
Pope Leo XIV in the popemobile at his inauguration, 2025.

Faith, History, and the City of God in the 21st Century

… Rome . If  warnings of the imminent rise of superhuman AI come to pass, he may be the last pontiff crowned during the Golden Age of  Homo sapiens .  “We are living in times that are both difficult to navigate and … how pleasant the breezes that cool the air!”  While techno-utopians peddle brain-hacking and virtual immortality, he …
Group of women protesting against the ERA with signs: "Stop the web of deception," "ERA means Amy register for the draft at 18," "Maternity ward - persons only"

Mom and Apple Pie (Prologued, Season 1, Episode 6)

… considered sexist discrimination as privileges that they had earned and refused to relinquish.  … and the Equal Rights Amendment being well on its way to becoming the newest tenant of the US Constitution. But it was … Betty Friedan’s feminist awakening was a luxury that they had long thought on attainable. After the war, the …